Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) | Details

Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra

Current view: Data table and detailed info

Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Species attributes

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	37 g

Range

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	129,000,000 km²	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	129,000,000 km²	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

Population

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	90000000-179999999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2012
Population trend	stable	-	estimated	-
Generation length	3.4 years	-	-	-

Population justification: Rich et al. (2004) estimated the global population to number 15,000,000 individuals. In Europe, the breeding population is estimated to number 9,100,000-17,300,000 pairs, which equates to 18,200,000-34,600,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). Europe forms c.20% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 91,000,000-173,000,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is needed.

Trend justification: This species has had stable population trends over the last 40 years in North America (data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007). In Europe and the EU27 the population size is estimated to be fluctuating (BirdLife International 2015).

Country/territory distribution

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	vagrant			yes
Albania	extant	native		yes
Algeria	extant	native	yes
Andorra	extant	native	yes
Armenia	extant	native		yes
Austria	extant	native	yes
Azerbaijan	extant	native	yes
Belarus	extant	native	yes
Belgium	extant	native	yes
Belize	extant	native	yes
Bermuda (to UK)	extant	native	yes
Bhutan	extant	native		yes
Bosnia and Herzegovina	extant	native		yes
Bulgaria	extant	native	yes
Canada	extant	native		yes
China (mainland)	extant	native		yes
Croatia	extant	native	yes
Cyprus	extant	native	yes
Czechia	extant	native	yes
Denmark	extant	native	yes			yes
El Salvador	extant	native	yes
Estonia	extant	native	yes
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	extant	native	yes
Finland	extant	native	yes			yes
France	extant	native	yes			yes
Georgia	extant	native		yes
Germany	extant	native		yes		yes
Greece	extant	native	yes			yes
Greenland (to Denmark)	extant	vagrant			yes
Guatemala	extant	native	yes
Honduras	extant	native	yes
Hungary	extant	native	yes
Iceland	extant	vagrant			yes
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native			yes
Ireland	extant	native	yes
Israel	extant	native	yes
Italy	extant	native	yes
Japan	extant	native		yes
Jordan	extant	vagrant			yes
Kazakhstan	extant	native		yes
Kyrgyzstan	extant	native		yes
Latvia	extant	native	yes
Libya	extant	vagrant			yes
Liechtenstein	extant	native	yes
Lithuania	extant	native	yes
Luxembourg	extant	native	yes
Malta	extant	vagrant			yes
Mexico	extant	native	yes
Mongolia	extant	native		yes
Montenegro	extant	native		yes
Morocco	extant	native	yes
Myanmar	extant	native		yes
Nepal	extant	native		yes
Netherlands	extant	native	yes
Nicaragua	extant	native	yes
North Korea	extant	native	yes
North Macedonia	extant	native	yes
Norway	extant	native		yes
Philippines	extant	native		yes
Poland	extant	native		yes
Portugal	extant	native	yes
Romania	extant	native	yes
Russia	extant	native	yes	yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	native	yes
Russia (European)	extant	native	yes
Serbia	extant	native		yes
Slovakia	extant	native	yes
Slovenia	extant	native	yes
South Korea	extant	native	yes
Spain	extant	native	yes
St Pierre and Miquelon (to France)	extant	native			yes	yes
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway)	extant	vagrant			yes
Sweden	extant	native	yes
Switzerland	extant	native	yes
Tajikistan	extant	vagrant			yes
Tunisia	extant	native	yes
Türkiye	extant	native	yes
Ukraine	extant	native	yes
United Kingdom	extant	native	yes
USA	extant	native		yes
Uzbekistan	extant	native	yes
Vietnam	extant	native		yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Russia (Central Asian)	Bol'shoy and Maly Akh lakes
Russia (Central Asian)	Kondinskiye lakes
Russia (Central Asian)	Korgonskaya
Russia (Central Asian)	Molebny Kamen' ridge
Russia (Central Asian)	Poyasovy Kamen' ridge
Russia (Central Asian)	Zapovednik "Denezhkin Kamen'"

Habitats & altitude

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Urban Areas	suitable	non-breeding
Forest	Temperate	major	resident
Altitude	800 - 4100 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Utilisation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/red-crossbill-loxia-curvirostra on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.