• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Ramphastos tucanus and R. cuvieri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. tucanus following SACC (2006). Prior to that, they had been split as R. tucanus and R. cuvieri following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Least Concern
2016	Vulnerable	A4cd
2014	Vulnerable	A4cd
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	595 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	3,240,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	-	inferred	2016-2036
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Generation length	6.62 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but this species is described as 'common' (Stotz et al. 1996). The species is very common in French Guiana, where the national population is estimated at over 500,000 mature individuals (Thiollay 1994, O. Claessens and V. Pelletier in litt. 2020). Likewise in Suriname, the species is very common in both primary and selectively logged forest (O. Ottema in litt. 2020).

Trend justification: The population trend has not been assessed directly. It may however vary locally; in parts of the range where large tracts of forests remain (e.g. in Suriname) the population may be stable (O. Ottema in litt. 2020), while declines may be faster in the southeastern part of the range where logging is more prevalent (see Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Moreover, in parts of the range the species is reportedly becoming scarce, likely as a consequence of trapping pressure (S. Bruslund in litt. 2022). Overall, due to forest loss, and the reports of the species becoming rarer as a consequence of hunting and trapping, the population is inferred to be in continuing decline. Tree cover within the range is lost at a rate of 9% over three generations (19.9 years; Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). As the species is not solely restricted to forest, but also occurs in a variety of open and converted habitats (del Hoyo et al. 2020), habitat loss is unlikely to drive a significant population decline. The impact of hunting and trapping on the population size has not been quantified. Tentatively, population declines are here placed in the band 1-19% over three generations, but an accurate quantification of the population trend is required.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Brazil	extant	native	yes
French Guiana	extant	native	yes
Guyana	extant	native	yes
Suriname	extant	native	yes
Venezuela	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Urban Areas	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Savanna	Dry	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 900 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 1440 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	national, international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Red-billed Toucan Ramphastos tucanus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/red-billed-toucan-ramphastos-tucanus on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.