• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Least Concern
2016	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c
2012	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c
2008	Near Threatened	A2c; A3c; A4c
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	414,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	2012-2024
Generation length	3.77 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as uncommon to rare due to its high crypticity (del Hoyo et al. 1997).

Trend justification: There are no data on population trends, although the species is suspected to be declining because of habitat degradation and potential levels of trapping. It has howeverbeen detected at edge and logged habitats, suggesting some level of tolerance to habitat degradation (per T. Martin, J. Monkhouse, and D. O'Connell in litt. 2020). It also occurs in remote, montane forests (Berryman & Eaton 2020) that are relatively secure from deforestation and hunting. Therefore, it is unlikely rates of decline will exceed 20% in three generations (11.3 years).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Indonesia	Bogani Nani Wartabone
Indonesia	Buton Utara
Indonesia	Lambusango
Indonesia	Lore Lindu
Indonesia	Mahawu - Masarang
Indonesia	Mekongga
Indonesia	Morowali
Indonesia	Pegunungan Tokalekaju
Indonesia	Rawa Aopa Watumohai
Indonesia	Tangkoko Dua Sudara

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 1000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 1320 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Pygmy Hanging-parrot Loriculus exilis. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/pygmy-hanging-parrot-loriculus-exilis on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.