EN
Pulitzer's Longbill Macrosphenus pulitzeri



Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- C2a(ii) C2a(i,ii)

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2022 Endangered C2a(ii)
2016 Endangered C2a(ii)
2013 Endangered C2a(ii)
2012 Endangered B1ab(i,ii,iii,v);C2a(i)
2008 Endangered B1a+b(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(i)
2004 Endangered
2000 Endangered
1996 Endangered
1994 Endangered
1988 Threatened
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency high
Land-mass type continent
Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 11,600 km2 medium
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 1000-2499 mature individuals poor estimated 2013
Population trend decreasing poor inferred 2016-2026
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 10-19% - - -
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 10-19% - - -
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 10-19% - - -
Generation length 2.78 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 1 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 100% - - -

Population justification: The population has previously been assumed to exceed 1,000 mature individuals and in 2005 the species was considered locally common (Mills 2010). However, at the only regularly monitored site in Kumbira forest, which is the most extensive site of suitable habitat, the species seems to have disappeared, with seven pairs found in 2005, and zero pairs found in 2010, despite longer and more thorough surveys (M. Mills in litt. 2013). This is due to rapid clearance of dense undergrowth for agriculture, which is likely a distribution-wide trend as the intensification of subsistence farming is occurring across the species' range, including Bango and Chongoroi (Dean 2000, M. Mills in litt. 2013). Therefore, the population is placed in the band for 1,000-2,499 mature individuals, which equals c.1,500-3,800 individuals in total. Its distribution is described as continuous along the Angolan Scarp (Mills 2010), so it is presumed to form one subpopulation; however, the ongoing habitat loss may have caused fragmentation so improved knowledge may change this.

Trend justification: Tree cover loss within the species' range is <10% over ten years; however, suitable habitat of dense undergrowth and vine tangles is being cleared rapidly for subsistence agriculture (M. Mills in litt. 2013). The species has been documented to occupy modified habitats and seems to be tolerant of fairly degraded vegetation (Ryan et al. 2004).
Surveys in Kumbira forest, the most extensive site of suitable habitat, have shown a clear decline with seven pairs found in 2005 and zero pairs found in 2010, despite longer and more thorough surveys (M. Mills in litt. 2013). This is likely to be a distribution-wide trend and therefore the population is inferred to be declining at a moderate rate, owing to the continued clearance and burning of its habitats for subsistence agriculture.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Angola extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Angola Chongoroi

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Dry major resident
Altitude 800 - 1030 m Occasional altitudinal limits  

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Natural system modifications Fire & fire suppression - Trend Unknown/Unrecorded Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Pulitzer's Longbill Macrosphenus pulitzeri. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/pulitzers-longbill-macrosphenus-pulitzeri on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.