• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Antrostomus noctitherus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	B1ab(ii,iii,iv)+2ab(ii,iii,iv)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Vulnerable	B1ab(ii,iii,iv)+2ab(ii,iii,iv)
2016	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2012	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2011	Endangered	B1a+b(i,ii,iii)
2010	Critically Endangered	B1a+b(i,ii,iii)
2009	Critically Endangered	B1a+b(i,ii,iii)
2008	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Critically Endangered
1994	Critically Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	1,570 km2	good
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	1,152 km2
Number of locations	6-10	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2700-9900 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2010
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	2016-2027
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-5%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-5%	-	-	-
Generation length	3.68 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: Based on transect counts in three sites (Guanicá, Susúa and Guayanilla), the average population density was estimated at 0.86-1.73 individuals/ha (Gónzález 2010). This value may however be overly optimistic as the study was carried out at the species' strongholds (Gónzález 2010); consequently, densities in other parts of the range may be lower (see eBird 2023). It is therefore precautionarily assumed that only 25% of the forests within the range are occupied at this density (i.e., c.4,800-8,600 ha; Global Forest Watch 2023). Based on these assumptions, the global population may number around 4,100-14,900 individuals. This roughly equates to 2,700-9,900 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population trend has not been quantified, but declines are suspected on the basis of the slow loss and degradation of its preferred dry forest habitat.
Tree cover loss within the range is currently low (2-3% over three generations; Global Forest Watch 2023, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Even though the species shows a strong preference for dry forests and occurs at much lower densities in open, shrubby and secondary habitats, the low rate of tree cover loss is unlikely to be driving major declines. Tentatively, it is suspected that current population declines do not exceed 5% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Puerto Rico (to USA)	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Puerto Rico (to USA)	Guaniquilla and Boquerón
Puerto Rico (to USA)	Karso del Sur
Puerto Rico (to USA)	Maricao and Susúa
Puerto Rico (to USA)	Sierra Bermeja and Laguna Cartagena
Puerto Rico (to USA)	Suroeste

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 620 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Climate change & severe weather	Storms & flooding	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Very Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Boa constrictor	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Herpestes auropunctatus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Residential & commercial development	Commercial & industrial areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Tourism & recreation areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Puerto Rican Nightjar Antrostomus noctitherus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/puerto-rican-nightjar-antrostomus-noctitherus on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.