• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Melo, M.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Voelker, G.; Dallimer, M.; Collar, N.J.; Jones, P.J. 2010. Multiple lines of evidence support the recognition of a very rare bird species: the Principe Thrush. Journal of Zoology (London) 282(2): 120-129.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
B1ab(ii,iii,v); C2a(ii)	B1ab(ii,iii,v); C2a(i,ii); D	B1ab(ii,iii,v); C2a(i,ii); D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Critically Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii,v); C2a(ii)
2018	Critically Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii,v); C2a(ii)
2016	Critically Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii,v); C2a(ii)
2015	Critically Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii,v); C2a(ii)
2013	Critically Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii,v); C2a(ii)
2012	Critically Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii,v);C2a(ii)
2011	Critically Endangered	B1a+b(ii,iii,v); C2a(ii)
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	60 km2	good
Number of locations	1	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	50-249 mature individuals	good	estimated	2010
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	-
Generation length	3.4 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: Data collected during a survey of Príncipe in 2007 were used to derive a population estimate of 364 individuals (with a 95% confidence interval of 186-887) (Dallimer et al. 2010). However, the authors consider this to be an overestimate because the species does not occupy all areas of primary forest and the data may have been biased by the species's confiding nature and habit of readily approaching humans. Thus, it is estimated that there are fewer than 250 mature individuals (Dallimer et al. 2010), although more surveys are required.

Trend justification: The population is inferred to be in decline due to predation from introduced mammals, hunting, and habitat degradation. However, the rate of decline has not been estimated.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
São Tomé e Príncipe	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
São Tomé e Príncipe	Príncipe forests

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	400 - 800 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(min) 0 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Cercopithecus mona	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Civettictis civetta	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus rattus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Residential & commercial development	Tourism & recreation areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Principe Thrush Turdus xanthorhynchus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/principe-thrush-turdus-xanthorhynchus on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.