• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Zosterops leucophaeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Speirops leucophoeus.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2019	Least Concern
2016	Near Threatened	B1ab(ii,iii,v); C2a(ii); D2
2012	Near Threatened	B1ab(ii,iii,v);C2a(ii);D2
2008	Near Threatened	B1a+b(ii,iii); C2a(ii); D1; D2
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	15 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	200 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	4300 - 8200 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2019
Population trend	unknown	-	-	-
Generation length	4.4 years	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: Population surveys were carried out in 2014, but are as yet unpublished (S. Valle in litt. 2019). Unless new information becomes available, the population size is provisionally placed in the band 4,300-8,200 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population trend for this species is not known. The species is unlikely to be undergoing significant declines despite ongoing conversion of primary forest into agricultural land, as presence rates of the species are higher in modified habitat than primary forest (F. Sinclair in litt. 2019).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
São Tomé e Príncipe	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
São Tomé e Príncipe	Príncipe forests

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 800 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Majority (50-90%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 3
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Residential & commercial development	Commercial & industrial areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		No/Negligible Impact: 2
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Principe Speirops Zosterops leucophaeus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/principe-speirops-zosterops-leucophaeus on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.