• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Near Threatened	A2cd
2016	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c;B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2012	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c;B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2008	Near Threatened	A2c; A3c; A4c; B1a+b(i,ii,iii,v)
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Near Threatened

Migratory status	nomadic	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	311 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	27,500 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	10,700 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	10000-19999 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2022
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	-
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	5.62 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified directly, but this species is described as fairly common to locally common (Stotz et al. 1996, Short and Sharpe 2020). Its stronghold appears to be in the north and north-central part of the range, with observations becoming less frequent towards the south (per eBird 2023).
Based on density estimates of congeners, the national population in Colombia is inferred to number 2,500-9,999 mature individuals (Renjifo et al. 2014). While the majority of the population is found in Ecuador, there are no density or population estimates available. Based on data from Colombia, the overall population is tentatively suspected to number 10,000-19,999 mature individuals, though a precise estimate is urgently required.

Trend justification: The population is suspected to be in decline, mainly as a consequence of habitat loss and illegal trapping (Renjifo et al. 2014, Basantes Hernández and Yánez Moretta 2021).
Tree cover loss within the range is low (2% over three generations; Global Forest Watch 2022, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). However, for the Colombian part of the range the rate of overall habitat loss is estimated at 7.05% over the ten years to 2014 (Renjifo et al. 2014). This equates to 12% over three generations (17 years). Contrary to the value presented by Global Forest Watch, which measures the loss of tree cover only, Renjifo et al. (2014) report the rate of overall habitat change, which includes the rate of loss of mature, successional and partially degraded forests used by this species. Habitat loss continues to threaten the species (Basantes Hernández and Yánez Moretta 2021), and even though Colombia forms a small part of the range it is precautionarily suspected that this rate is representative for the entire range. Despite being occasionally found in selectively logged and mature secondary forests the species is highly forest-dependent and strongly relies on large trees and standing deadwood for nesting (Short and Sharpe 2020) and as such, population declines may exceed the net rate of habitat loss. The impact of trapping on the population size has not been quantified, but illegal trade is described as 'intensive' in large parts of the range (Renjifo et al. 2014). Precautionarily, the population decline is therefore here placed in the band 20-29% over the past three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Colombia	extant	native	yes
Ecuador	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Reserva Natural El Pangán
Ecuador	Bosque Protector Los Cedros
Ecuador	El Ángel - Cerro Golondrinas and surrounding areas
Ecuador	Intag-Toisán
Ecuador	Maquipucuna-Río Guayllabamba
Ecuador	Mashpi-Pachijal
Ecuador	Mindo and western foothills of Volcan Pichincha
Ecuador	Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi-Cayapas
Ecuador	Reserva Ecológica Los Illinizas y alrededores
Ecuador	Río Toachi-Chiriboga
Ecuador	Territorio Étnico Awá y alrededores

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	1200 - 2500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	300 - 3500 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence
Pets/display animals, horticulture	national, international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Plate-billed Mountain-toucan Andigena laminirostris. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/plate-billed-mountain-toucan-andigena-laminirostris on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.