• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Range map
• Resources

Taxonomic note
Ducula pinon was previously split as D. pinon and D. salvadorii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014), prior to which they were lumped as D. pinon following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Often placed in a species-group with D. melanochroa and D. mullerii; affinities between these species and the D. latrans complex have also been suggested. Taxon salvadorii differs from nominate pinon by its reduced (but not absent) white supraorbital ring (ns1); pale grey-pink vs dove-grey crown (2); broadly blackish uppertail-coverts (2); and paler (and pinker) grey-pink upper body (mantle, breast and head except crown) forming a moderately sharp division with dark belly vs darkening underpart colours forming a continuum (3). It differs from D. p. jobiensis in the first three characters listed above against D. p. pinon, plus lack of broad pale grey scaling on wing-coverts (3) and paler upper body (ns1). However, differences based on very small number of specimens and re-examination of material suggests that differences might be due to differences in age, sex or plumage wear, so salvadorii returned to a subspecies of D. pinon for now. Proposed subspecies rubiensis (applied to birds from S shores of Geelvink Bay, coasts of Onin Peninsula E to Etna Bay, also SE New Guinea E from Kumusi R and Aroa R) refers to intergrades between nominate and jobiensis (Dickinson and Remsen 2013, Schodde 2006). Three subspecies currently recognized.

Taxonomic source(s)
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International. 2023. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 8. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v8_Dec23.zip.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Least Concern
2016	Not Recognised
2014	Not Recognised
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	1,500,000 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	stable	-	suspected	-
Generation length	7.95 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is reported to be fairly common (del Hoyo et al. 1997, del Hoyo et al. 2020).

Trend justification: The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes
Papua New Guinea	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 900 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2025) Species factsheet: Pinon's Imperial-pigeon Ducula pinon. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/pinons-imperial-pigeon-ducula-pinon on 14/01/2025.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2025) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 14/01/2025.