Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | C2a(ii) |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2023 | Vulnerable | C2a(ii) |
2016 | Vulnerable | C2a(ii) |
2012 | Vulnerable | C2a(ii) |
2008 | Vulnerable | C2a(ii) |
2006 | Vulnerable | |
2004 | Endangered | |
2000 | Endangered | |
1996 | Endangered | |
1994 | Endangered | |
1988 | Threatened |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | high |
Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 5,800 km2 | medium |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | 2500-9999 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2005 |
Population trend | decreasing | poor | inferred | - |
Generation length | 2.8 years | - | - | - |
Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 100% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The species is endemic to Viti Levu where it has always been considered rare, though it may only be unobtrusive and patchily distributed (Clunie 1984). All records are from the wetter centre and east of Viti Levu (N. Bostock in litt. 2000, Watling 2000, D. Watling in litt. 2000), where surveys suggest that the species is widespread at low densities (D. Liley in litt. 2005). During 108.5 km of standardised transects, six individuals were recorded within 10 m of the observer, giving a density of 2.8 birds/km2, but this figure is based on very little data and should be treated with considerable caution. The species was recorded at 60% (8/13) of recent survey sites on Viti Levu but these sites were pre-selected to have the densest old-growth forest, suggesting that the species' area of occupancy may be up to 2,400 km2 (60% x 4,000 km2 of high- and medium-density rainforest on Viti Levu). This implies that total numbers of mature individuals falls in the band 2,500-9,999 (unpublished data from Fiji IBA project via G. Dutson in litt. 2005, D. Liley in litt. 2005). This roughly equates to 3,750-14,999 individuals in total, rounded here to 3,500-15,000 individuals. There is no more recent population estimate.
Trend justification: There are no direct data on population trends, however the species is inferred to be declining likely owing to habitat loss and possibly the effects of introduced predators. Although the species may persist in the core area of its range where access is difficult, it has disappeared from sites it used to be seen at regularly (M. O'Brien in litt. 2023) and as such it is precautionarily inferred to be declining overall.
Remote sensing data (Global Forest Watch 2022, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein) indicate that forest loss in this species' range has been low in the ten years to 2021 (equivalent to c.1-2%), however, small holder farms, livestock farming and construction are considered significant current threats to Fiji's terrestrial biodiversity through ongoing loss and fragmentation of habitat (O'Brien et al. 2021). The extent of kava cultivation has expanded as a result of increased commercial production, with the area covered by cultivation increasing at a rate of 15% per year from 2014 to 2018 (O'Brien et al. 2021).
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fiji | extant | native | yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Fiji | Greater Tomaniivi |
Fiji | Rairaimatuku Highlands |
Fiji | Sovi Basin |
Fiji | Viti Levu Southern Highlands |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
Altitude | 0 - 1000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Unlikely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Herpestes auropunctatus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Residential & commercial development | Commercial & industrial areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Pink-billed Parrotfinch Erythrura kleinschmidti. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/pink-billed-parrotfinch-erythrura-kleinschmidti on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.