• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	low
Land-mass type		Average mass	22 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	2,270,000 km2	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	1,960,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	3200000 mature individuals	poor	inferred	2019
Population trend	stable	-	inferred	-
Generation length	2.74 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population is inferred to number 3,200,000 mature individuals (Partners in Flight 2019).

Trend justification: The species has been stable between 1970 and 2017 (Partners in Flight 2019). Short-term trends suggest that the population in North America has increased by 55% over the past ten years (Pardieck et al. 2018). However, given that less than half of the global population occurs in North America, the species is here precautionarily assessed as stable.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Canada	extant	vagrant
Mexico	extant	native	yes		yes
USA	extant	native	yes	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Mexico	Isla San Marcos

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Desert	Hot	major	non-breeding
Desert	Hot	major	breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	non-breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	breeding
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	non-breeding
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	breeding
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	suitable	non-breeding
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	suitable	breeding
Altitude	0 - 2400 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/phainopepla-phainopepla-nitens on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.