• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Near Threatened	C2a(ii)
2016	Vulnerable	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v);C2a(i)
2012	Vulnerable	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v);C2a(i)
2008	Vulnerable	B1a+b(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(i)
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Near Threatened

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	27,000 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	6,970 km2
Number of locations	10-100	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2018
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	2016-2030
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Generation length	4.6 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size has not been quantified. The species is generally relatively uncommon; it is scarce in heavily populated areas in the north of its range, but relatively common in more inaccessible parts of its range (Wege and Long 1995, Davies et al. 1997, Begazo et al. 2001, Baptista et al. 2020). It is tentatively suspected that the population size is between 2,500 and 9,999 mature individuals (see SERFOR 2018).
Even though the population structure has not been formally assessed, observational records (per eBird 2021) suggest that all individuals are part of the same subpopulation.

Trend justification: The species is undergoing a decline caused by the impacts of habitat loss and degradation and presumably by hunting and trapping pressure. Over three generations (13.8 years; Bird et al. 2020), about 6% of tree cover is lost within the range (Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). While surveys of the Cordillera de Colán, Amazonas, suggest that the species is tolerant of some forest degradation (Clements and Shany 2001), it is likely suffering additional pressures from hunting and low levels of trapping for the bird trade (Baptista et al. 2020, S. Bruslund in litt. 2022). The rate of population decline is therefore likely exceeding the rate of forest loss and is here tentatively placed in the band 1-19% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Ecuador	extant	native	yes
Peru	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Ecuador	Zumba-Chito
Peru	Bagua
Peru	Chinchipe
Peru	El Molino
Peru	Río Marañón
Peru	San Jose de Lourdes

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	marginal	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Altitude	850 - 2400 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	national, international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Peruvian Pigeon Patagioenas oenops. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/peruvian-pigeon-patagioenas-oenops on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.