• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	C2a(i)	A2cd+3cd+4cd; C2a(i)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Endangered	C2a(i)
2016	Endangered	C2a(i)
2014	Endangered	C2a(i)
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	62 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	30,100 km2	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	1000-2499 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2014
Population trend	decreasing	-	inferred	2016-2026
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Generation length	3.4 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-10	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: Despite comprehensive searches within the presumed range the species is only known from a limited number of sites. In Colombia, the local population in Ocaña was estimated at 46-98 individuals and the population in El Carmen at c. 150 individuals (Botero-Delgadillo and Páez 2011). The national population in Venezuela is estimated at fewer than 1,000 mature individuals (Sharpe 2015). The species is rare and patchily distributed within its range (Collar et al. 2020; eBird 2021); based on available data a preliminary population estimate is of 1,000-2,499 mature individuals overall.
The subpopulation structure has not been formally investigated. Nevertheless, due to the species's localised distribution, its reluctance to cross open areas and the increasing fragmentation of suitable habitat (Collar et al. 2020; eBird 2021; Global Forest Watch 2021) it is assumed that it forms several small subpopulations, the largest of which does not exceed 250 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The species is inferred to be undergoing a rapid continuing decline owing to habitat loss and fragmentation and capture for the pet trade. Within the range, c. 4% of tree cover within the range has been lost over the past 10 years; based on annual deforestation rates of the the past five years tree cover loss may amount to 5% over the next ten years (Global Forest Watch 2021). Given the species's high sensitivity to fragmentation and reluctance to cross open areas (Collar et al. 2020), the impacts of deforestation on the population trend may be substantially higher than the rate of tree cover loss suggests. Moreover, the species is subject to high hunting and trapping pressure throughout its range; it is recorded in the wild bird trade and valued as a pet (Tovar-Martínez 2010; Botero-Delgadillo and Páez 2011; Botero-Delgadillo et al. 2012a; Sharpe 2015). Based on the combined impacts of forest loss, fragmentation and trapping, population declines are tentatively suspected to be rapid and therefore placed in the band 30-49% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Colombia	extant	native	yes
Venezuela	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	400 - 2200 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Perija Parakeet Pyrrhura caeruleiceps. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/perija-parakeet-pyrrhura-caeruleiceps on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.