Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 13,200,000 km2 | |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 73,000,000 km2 | |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 4000000-15000000, 8000000-15000000 mature individuals | good | estimated | 2023 |
| Population trend | unknown | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 5.06 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 100% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The population size was estimated as c.1.6 million in 2012 (Andres et al. 2012) but was recently substantially revised upwards to c.5.7 million (2.5-9 million) in Arctic Canada alone (Bart et al. in prep.). Given Andres et al. (2012) estimated c.1.1 million in northern Alaska, the North American population is thought to number at least 7 million breeding birds. The number breeding in Russia is effectively unknown, but high densities have been reported (Farmer et al. 2020). Overall, the global population is thought to number 4,000,000-15,000,000, with a best estimate of 8,000,000-15,000,000. An estimate of 1,220,000-1,930,000 birds has been made for the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (Hansen et al. 2022).
Trend justification: Trend unknown. Smith et al. (2023) used migration count data from the Atlantic coast to estimate population reduction equivalent to 44.3% over three generations, though with wide confidence intervals of a reduction of 10.3-67.2%. However, this species primarily migrates south through the midcontinent and the trends in Smith et al. (2023) may not be especially meaningful (R. Lanctot in litt. 2024). Meanwhile, in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska, USA), the species' showed a significant increase between 2002/2004 and 2019/2022, from 52,978 to 96,217; a similar survey in the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area in north central Alaska showed a slight increase in number of individuals detected in 2007/2008 (42) to 2023 (265) (R. Lanctot in litt. 2024). Monitoring in the Chaun delta, Chukotka, Russia, has shown nest density to be positively correlated with spring weather conditions, and is expected therefore to increase in response to climate change; this appears to be being realised, with the species expanding its range across the Russian arctic (D. Solovyeva in litt. 2024)
Until these disparate trends can be adequately reconciled, the global population trend of this species is considered unknown.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Samoa | extant | native | yes | |||
| Anguilla (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Antarctica | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Antigua and Barbuda | extant | native | yes | |||
| Argentina | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Australia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Austria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bahamas | extant | native | yes | |||
| Barbados | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belize | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bermuda (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bolivia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Botswana | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Brazil | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Bulgaria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Burundi | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Canada | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Chile | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Colombia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cook Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
| Costa Rica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Côte d'Ivoire | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Cuba | extant | native | yes | |||
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cyprus | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Czechia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Denmark | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Dominica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Dominican Republic | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ecuador | extant | native | yes | |||
| Egypt | extant | vagrant | ||||
| El Salvador | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ethiopia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Fiji | extant | native | yes | |||
| Finland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| France | extant | native | yes | |||
| French Guiana | extant | native | yes | |||
| French Polynesia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Gabon | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Germany | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ghana | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Greece | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Grenada | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guam (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guatemala | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guyana | extant | native | yes | |||
| Haiti | extant | native | yes | |||
| Honduras | extant | native | yes | |||
| Hong Kong (China) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Hungary | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Iceland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| India | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Indonesia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ireland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Israel | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Italy | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Jamaica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Japan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kenya | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Kiribati | extant | native | yes | |||
| Libya | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Malta | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Marshall Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
| Martinique (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mexico | extant | native | yes | |||
| Micronesia, Federated States of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mongolia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Montserrat (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Morocco | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Namibia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Nauru | extant | native | yes | |||
| Netherlands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| New Caledonia (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| New Zealand | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Nicaragua | extant | native | yes | |||
| Niue (to New Zealand) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norfolk Island (to Australia) | extant | native | yes | |||
| North Korea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norway | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Oman | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Palau | extant | native | yes | |||
| Panama | extant | native | yes | |||
| Papua New Guinea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Paraguay | extant | native | yes | |||
| Peru | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Philippines | extant | native | yes | |||
| Pitcairn Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Poland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Portugal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Romania | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (European) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Samoa | extant | native | yes | |||
| São Tomé e Príncipe | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Senegal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Seychelles | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sierra Leone | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Singapore | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Slovakia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Solomon Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
| South Africa | extant | vagrant | ||||
| South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| South Korea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| St Barthelemy (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Helena (to UK) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| St Kitts and Nevis | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Lucia | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Martin (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | extant | native | yes | |||
| Suriname | extant | native | yes | |||
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sweden | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Switzerland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Taiwan, China | extant | native | yes | |||
| Timor-Leste | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tokelau (to New Zealand) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tonga | extant | native | yes | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | extant | native | yes | |||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tuvalu | extant | native | yes | |||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | vagrant | ||||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Uruguay | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| USA | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Vanuatu | extant | native | yes | |||
| Venezuela | extant | native | yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Wallis and Futuna Islands (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Zambia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Zimbabwe | extant | vagrant |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Barbados | St Lucy Shooting Swamps |
| Barbados | St Philip Shooting Swamps |
| Canada | Beaverhill Lake |
| Canada | Blow River Delta (Shingle Point to Tent Island) |
| Canada | Ekwan to Lakitusaki Shores |
| Russia (Asian) | Gusikha river basin and lower Balakhnya river |
| Russia (Asian) | Kolyma delta |
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | Adventdalen & Adventfjorden |
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | Sassen-Bünsow Land |
| USA | Teshekpuk Lake-E. Dease Inlet |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Salt Exploitation Sites | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Tundra | major | breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Freshwater Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Salt Marshes (Emergent Grasses) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Alpine Wetlands (includes temporary waters from snowmelt) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt) | major | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 4500 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Anser caerulescens | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Anser rossii | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Vulpes vulpes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/pectoral-sandpiper-calidris-melanotos on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.