• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Arremon torquatus, A. costaricensis, A. assimilis, A. basilicus, A. perijanus, A. atricapillus, A. phaeopleurus and A. phygas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. torquatus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates).

 

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	B1ab(ii,iii)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Vulnerable	B1ab(ii,iii)
2016	Vulnerable	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	7,060 km2	medium
Number of locations	6-10	-
Severely fragmented?	yes	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	poor	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	2016-2027
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-19%	-	-	-
Generation length	3.69 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but this species is described as uncommon (Lentino and Sharpe 2015).

Trend justification: The species is suspected to be declining as a consequence of the loss, fragmentation and degradation of its forested habitat (Jaramillo and Sharpe 2020). Over the past three generations (11.1 years), 2% of  tree cover within the range has been lost; since 2016 this has been accelerating to a rate equivalent to 7% over three generations (Global Forest Watch 2023, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). The species has a preference for forest interior (Sharpe and Lentino 2015, Jaramillo and Sharpe 2020) and therefore, population declines may exceed the rate of tree cover loss. Tentatively, the rate of population decline is therefore placed in the band 1-9% over the past three generations, accelerating to 10-19% since 2016.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Venezuela	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	920 - 1500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Small-holder plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Paria Brushfinch Arremon phygas. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/paria-brushfinch-arremon-phygas on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.