• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	10,700,000 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	stable	-	suspected	-
Generation length	6.1 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is reported to be the commonest Asian hornbill (del Hoyo et al. 2001). During a national population survey in 2004-2008 in Thailand, the population density was estimated at 21 individuals/km² in Khao Yai National Park, while abundance indices in other areas ranged from 0.01-0.9 individuals/km² in eight forest complexes (Poonswad et al. 2013). In eastern Malaysia, population density estimates range from 2.22 individuals/km² in Tawan Hills to 19.65 individuals/km² in Pulau Tiga Park (Lakim and Biun 2005). In Kuala Lompat in Peninsular Malaysia, the population density is 1 individual/km² (Medway and Wells 1971).

Long-term surveys conducted at five protected areas in Bangladesh since 2005 indicate a gradual decline in population density. Twenty years ago, the species used to occur in 14 protected areas surveyed, but was recently found only in eight of these, of which all but one show population decreases (S. U. Chowdhury in litt. 2019).

In India, a study in 2007-2008 in Arunachal Pradesh found densities of around 19 individuals/km² in Pakke Tiger Reserve, which dropped to five individuals/km² in the less protected adjoining Reserved Forests (Dasgupta and Hilaluddin 2012). In a 2013 study, the density estimate was 14 individuals/km² in the Pakke Tiger Reserve (Naniwadekar and Datta unpubl. data). Despite it being more common in secondary forest, the species was detected in only three of 14 sites surveyed, although reported as present in nine sites by locals and not seen in the previous five years at two sites (Naniwadekar et al. 2015) in a survey in Arunachal Pradesh. In a survey across five states in north-east India, the the average habitat-use probability of the species in the 370 sampled grids was 0.69 (SE 0.01). Of a total of 3,153 grids (covering 154,497 km²), the number of grids with relatively high probability of habitat use (≥ 0.75) was 1,167 (57,183 km²) (Naniwadekar et al. 2016).
In Singapore, the species is breeding in Pulau Ubin, Changi, Pasir Ris Park and a few other locations. The population is increasing in Singapore, benefiting from green corridors. A study carried out in 2018 showed that the distribution area increased from four subzone areas in 2004-2006 to 61 subzone areas in 2016-2018 based on compiled sightings (per B. C. Strange in litt. 2020).

Trend justification: The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Bangladesh	extant	native	yes
Bhutan	extant	native	yes
Brunei	extant	native	yes
Cambodia	extant	native	yes
China (mainland)	extant	native	yes
India	extant	native	yes
Indonesia	extant	native	yes
Laos	extant	native	yes
Malaysia	extant	native	yes
Myanmar	extant	native	yes
Nepal	extant	native	yes
Singapore	extant	native	yes
Thailand	extant	native	yes
Vietnam	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	major	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Savanna	Dry	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 700 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/oriental-pied-hornbill-anthracoceros-albirostris on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.