Taxonomic note
A recent comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Picidae recovered the genus Dinopium as paraphyletic, with Olive-backed Woodpecker D. rafflesii (del Hoyo & Collar 2014) sister to Pale-headed Woodpecker Gecinulus grantia. Kirwan & Collar (2020), having presented evidence that rafflesii is a distinctive woodpecker divergent from both Dinopium and Gecinulus, reviewed previous treatments and established, as firmly as the limited evidence allows, that the earliest generic name available for the species is Chloropicoides Malherbe, 1849. Original description previously attributed to Vigors and Horsfield, but Vigors alone was the author (Bruce 2003). Individual variation considerable, and subspecies poorly marked, differing only in size; described subspecies peninsulare (Malacca, in Peninsular Malaysia) considered synonymous with nominate. Two subspecies recognized.
Taxonomic source(s)
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International. 2022. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2024 | Near Threatened | A2c+3c+4c |
2016 | Near Threatened | A2c+3c+4c |
2012 | Near Threatened | A2c+3c+4c |
2008 | Near Threatened | A2c; A3c; A4c |
2004 | Near Threatened | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | high |
Land-mass type |
continent shelf island |
Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 3,860,000 km2 | medium |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | unknown | - | - | - |
Population trend | decreasing | poor | inferred | 2016-2029 |
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
Generation length | 4.29 years | - | - | - |
Number of subpopulations | 3-50 | - | - | - |
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 1-89% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population size of this species has not been quantified, but it is generally scarce in its range (Wells 1999, Eaton et al. 2021, eBird 2024) in remaining tracts of lowland forest, which remain widespread, although much reduced in extent compared to three generations ago. Accordingly, its global population size is likely to be relatively large.
Trend justification: No direct population trend data are available for this species, however remote sensing data are considered a suitable proxy for this forest-dependent species. Over the past three generations, forest cover within its range reduced by c. 18-22% (Global Forest Watch [2024], based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods therein). This species is commonest at lower elevations, where rates have been most rapid, and the species may be additionally impacted by forest degradation and fragmentation. Accordingly, rates of population reduction may be slightly higher than remote sensing data alone indicate. Accordingly, the rate of population reduction for the past three generations is set at 20-29%.
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brunei | extant | native | yes | |||
Indonesia | extant | native | yes | |||
Malaysia | extant | native | yes | |||
Myanmar | extant | native | yes | |||
Singapore | extinct | native | yes | |||
Thailand | extant | native | yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Malaysia | Belum-Temenggor |
Malaysia | Bintang Range |
Malaysia | Central Titiwangsa Range |
Malaysia | Danum Valley Conservation Area |
Malaysia | Endau-Rompin |
Malaysia | Gunung Penrissen |
Malaysia | Gunung Pueh |
Malaysia | Kabili-Sepilok |
Malaysia | Kelabit Highlands |
Malaysia | Kinabatangan floodplain |
Malaysia | Krau Wildlife Reserve |
Malaysia | Lambir Hills National Park |
Malaysia | Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary |
Malaysia | Maliau Basin Conservation Area |
Malaysia | Mount Kinabalu |
Malaysia | Mulu - Buda Protected Area |
Malaysia | Panti forest |
Malaysia | Pondok Tanjung Forest Reserve |
Malaysia | Selangor Heritage Park |
Malaysia | Similajau National Park |
Malaysia | South-east Pahang peat swamp forest |
Malaysia | Tabin Wildlife Reserve |
Malaysia | Taman Negara National Park |
Malaysia | Tanjung Datu-Samunsam Protected Area |
Thailand | Bala Sector, Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary |
Thailand | Chaloem Pra Kiet (Pa Phru to Daeng) |
Thailand | Kaeng Krachan |
Thailand | Khao Luang |
Thailand | Khao Nor Chuchi |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | suitable | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | suitable | resident |
Altitude | 0 - 1600 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Natural system modifications | Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
Purpose | Scale |
---|---|
Pets/display animals, horticulture | subsistence, national, international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Olive-backed Woodpecker Chloropicoides rafflesii. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/olive-backed-woodpecker-chloropicoides-rafflesii on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.