• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Chlorodrepanis flava (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemignathus and listed as H. flavus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Near Threatened	B1b(iii)+2b(iii)
2016	Vulnerable	D2
2012	Vulnerable	D2
2008	Vulnerable	D2
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	1,100 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	664 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	30000-40000 mature individuals	poor	estimated	1991
Population trend	unknown	medium	-	-
Generation length	2.62 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2	-	-	-

Population justification: The population was estimated at 51,800 (46,500–57,100), based on a survey in 1991, with extrapolation of the observed densities to occupied habitat on the Ko`olau range and south Wai`anae region yielding estimated populations of about 49,500 ± 4,400 and 2,300 ± 900, respectively (Camp et al. 2009). This is placed in the band 40,000-60,000 individuals, roughly equivalent to 30,000-40,000 mature individuals. However, surveys on O`ahu, unlike those on other Hawaiian islands, have not been systematic, and these estimates may be too high (R. Shallenberger in litt. 1999). During surveys of the O‘ahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge in 2011, the species was not observed in sufficient numbers to estimate population densities and larger scale surveys are warranted (Camp et al. 2011).

Trend justification: Christmas Bird Counts indicate a population decline from 1958 to 1985 (Jacobi and Atkinson 1995, Lindsey et al. 1998), but further surveys have detected the species at lower elevations, indicating that the population may be stable and even increasing in some areas possibly as a result of resistance to avian malaria (Lindsey et al. 1998, 2020; Krend 2011). However, the current trend is not known.
The species was not observed in sufficient numbers during surveys in 2011 to estimate population densities (Camp et al. 2011). Increasing the numbers of stations sampled will be necessary to reduce uncertainty and yield greater power to detect trends in this species (Camp et al. 2011).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
USA	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
USA	Oahu Uplands

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Urban Areas	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	30 - 1200 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Plasmodium relictum	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Viral/prion-induced diseases - Avipoxvirus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Oahu Amakihi Chlorodrepanis flava. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/oahu-amakihi-chlorodrepanis-flava on 24/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 24/12/2024.