Data Zone
Aghnaj, A.; Smith, K. W.; Bowden, C. G. R.; Ribi, M. 2001. Studies of the feeding ecology and habitat use of Northern Bald Ibis, Geronticus eremita, in the Souss-Massa National Park, Morocco. Ostrich Suppl. 15: 197.
Anon. 2006. Bald Ibises tagged in Syria. Birding World 19(7): 308.
Anon. 2008. Poison blamed for Bald Ibis deaths. World Birdwatch 30(4): 10.
Anon. 2009. Bald Ibises - update. RSPB Legal Eagle: 16.
Anon. 2014. LIFE project teams up with Jane Goodall to reintroduce migratory bird species. Environment LIFE Programme. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/news/newsarchive2014/october/. (Accessed: 29/07/2015).
Aourir, M.; Bousadik, H.; El Bekkay, M.; Oubrou, W.; Znari, M.; Qninba, A. 2017. New breeding sties of the Critically Endangered Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita on the Moroccan Atlantic Coast. International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology 2(3): 00021. DOI: 10.15406/ijawb.2017.02.00021.
BirdLife International. 2015. European Red List of Birds. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
Boehm C.; Bowden C.G.R. 2010. Northern Bald Ibis Conservation and Reintroduction workshop. Proceedings of 3rd Meeting of International Advisory Group for Northern Bald Ibis (IAGNBI), November 2009. Palmyra, Syria.
Boehm, C.; Bowden, C. G. R. 2016. Northern Bald Ibis Conservation and Reintroduction Workshop. Proceedings of 4th Internatinal Advisory Group for the Northern Bald Ibis (IAGNBI) meeting. Seekirchen, Austria.
Böhm, C. 2004. Waldrapp ibis (Geronticus eremita).
Bowden, C. 1998. Birecik: the current situation of the semi-wild Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita population.
Bowden, C. 2001. An update on current projects involving wild and captive Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita. International Advisory Group for Northern Bald Ibis Newsletter.
Bowden, C. 2013. Northern bald ibis – Abrupt end to 2013 Turkish tagging release trial? Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. Available at: http://www.rspb.org.uk/community/ourwork/b/biodiversity/archive/2013/10/21/northern-bald-ibis-abrupt-end-to-2013-turkish-tagging-release-trial.aspx. (Accessed: 29/07/2015).
Bowden, C. 2014. Northern bald ibis – the eastern population still exists…barely. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. Available at: http://www.rspb.org.uk/community/ourwork/b/biodiversity/archive/2014/02/21/northern-bald-ibis-the-eastern-population-still-exists-barely.aspx. (Accessed: 29/07/2015).
Bowden, C. 2015. International Single Species Action Plan for the Conservation of the Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita. AEWA Technical Series. Bonn, Germany.
Bowden, C. G. R.; Aghnaj, A.; Smith, K. W.; Ribi, M. 2003. The status and recent breeding performance of the critically endangered Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita population on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. Ibis 145: 419-431.
Bowden, C. G. R.; Orueta, J. F.; Vazquez, J. M. L.; Onrubia, A.; Quevedo, M. A. 2018. Sightings of reintroduced northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita crossing between Spain and Morocco are probably hand-reared rather than wild-born. Oryx 52(3): 411-412.
Brindley, E.; Dimmick, C.; Bowden, C.; Ribi, M.; Hoffmann, D.; del Nevo, A. 1995. The Bald Ibis: a species on the brink? RSPB Conservation Review 9: 76-79.
Brown, L.H.; Urban, E.K.; Newman, K. 1982. The Birds of Africa, Volume I. Academic Press, London.
Cramp, S.; Simmons, K. E. L. 1977. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic, vol. I: ostriches to ducks. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A.; Sargatal, J. 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
Fritz, J. 2010. Der Waldrapp in den Alpen. Der Falke 57(3): 95-105.
Fritz, J. 2014. LIFE Northern Bald Ibis - Reason for Hope - Reintroduction of Northern Bald Ibis in Europe. LIFE12 BIO/AT/000143. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=4504#AD. (Accessed: 29/07/2014).
Hancock, J. A.; Kushlan, J. A.; Kahl, M. P. 1992. Storks, ibises and spoonbills of the world. Academic Press, London.
Hatipoglu, T. 2010. Northern Bald Ibis Project at Birecik Breeding Centre: yesterday, today and tomorrow. In: Boehm, C. and Bowden, C.G.R. (eds), Northern Bald Ibis Conservation and Reintroduction workshop. Proceedings of 3rd Meeting of International Advisory Group for Northern Bald Ibis (IAGNBI). November 2009. Palmyra, Syria.
Hirschfeld, E. 2008. Rare Birds Yearbook 2009: the world's 190 most threatened birds. MagDig Media Ltd., Shrewsbury, UK.
IAGNBI. 2012. International Advisory Group for the Northern Bald Ibis website. Available at: http://www.iagnbi.org/en/home.
Jordano, P.; Márquez, M. 2013. Status of the Northern Bald Ibis in southern Spain. HBW Alive Ornithological Note 6. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, pp. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/205127 on 13 March 2017). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Lindsell, J. A.; Serra, G.; Peske, L.; Abdullah, M. S.; Qaim, G. al; Kanani, A.; Wondafrash, M. 2009. Satellite tracking reveals the migration route and wintering area of the Middle East population of Critically Endangered Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita. Oryx 43(3): 329-335.
Lindsell, J.A., Shehab, A.H. and Anderson, G.Q.A. 2011. Patchiness in prey levels increases vulnerability of Critically Endangered Northern Bald Ibises Geronticus eremita on their Syrian breeding grounds. Bird Conservation International 21(274-283).
Matheu, E., del Hoyo, J., Kirwan, G.M. and Garcia, E.F.J. 2014. Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. and de Juana, E. (eds), Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
Mendelssohn, H. 1994. Experimental releases of Waldrapp Ibis Geronticus eremita: an unsuccessful trial. International Zoo Yearbook 33: 79-85.
Muñoz, A.-R.; Ramírez, J. 2017. Reintroduced Northern Bald Ibises from Spain reach Morocco. oryx 51(2): 204-205.
Murdoch, D. A. 2010. Northern Bald Iris in Syria: an update. Dutch Birding 32(1): 42-46.
Niemann, S. 2009. Poisoned ibises. Birds 22(5): 25.
Oubrou, W.; El Bekkay, M. 2013. Rapport sur la reproduction 2013 de la population des Ibis chauves dans la région de Souss-Massa. Report of the 2013 Northern Bald Ibis breeding season at Sous-Massa NP, Morocco. Available at: http://northernbaldibis.blogspot.co.uk/. (Accessed: 07/10/2013).
Oubrou, W.; El Bekkay, M. 2014. Rapport sur la reproduction de l’Ibis chauve dans la région de Souss-Massa. Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification, Aires Protégées du Maroc, Parc National de Souss Massa.
Oubrou, W.; El Bekkay, M. 2015. Rapport sur la saison de reproduction de l'Ibis chauve Geronticus eremita dans la région Massa. Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification, Aires Protégées du Maroc, Parc National de Souss Massa.
Safford, R. 2016. Saving the Iconic Northern Bald Ibis from extinction - Final report June 2012-June 2016 (unpublished). BirdLife International.
Serra, G. 2003. The discovery of Northern Bald Ibises in Syria. World Birdwatch 25: 10-13.
Serra, G. 2015. The Northern Bald Ibis is extinct in the Middle East - but we can't blame it on IS. The Ecologist. Available at: http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2887380/the_northern_bald_ibis_is_extinct_in_the_middle_east_but_we_cant_blame_it_on_is.html. (Accessed: 29/07/2015).
Serra, G.; Abdallah, M.; Assaed, A.; Abdallah, A.; Al Qiam, G.; Fayad, T.; Williamson, D. 2004. Discovery of a relict breeding colony of Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita in Syria. Oryx 38: 106-108.
Serra, G.; Bruschini, C.; Peske, L.; Kubsa, A.; Wondafrash, M.; Lindsell, J.A. 2013. An assessment of ecological conditions and threats at the Ethiopian wintering site of the last known eastern colony of Critically Endangered Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita. Bird Conservation International 23: 399-413.
Serra, G.; Peske, L.; Abdallah, M. S.; al Qaim, G.; Kanani, A. 2009. Breeding biology and behaviour of the last wild oriental Northern Bald Ibises (Geronticus eremita) in Syria. Journal of Ornithology 150(4): 769-782.
Serra, G.; Wondafrash, M. 2009. Eco-ethological and conservation survey of N. Bald Ibises wintering in the Northern Shawa (Ethiopia) during 2008-09. EWNHS/IUCN report.
Smith, K. W.; Aghnaj, A.; El Bekkay, M.; Oubrou, W.; Ribi, M.; Jimenez Armesto, M.; Bowden, C. G. R. 2008. The provision of supplementary fresh water improves the breeding success of the globally threatened Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita. Ibis 150(4): 728-734.
Symes, A.; Taylor, J.; Mallon, D.; Porter, R.; Simms, C.; Budd, K. 2015. The Conservation Status and Distribution of the Breeding Birds of the Arabian Peninsula. Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, and Sharjah, UAE: Environment and Protected Areas Authority.
Touti, J.; Oumellouk, F.; Bowden, C. G. R.; Kirkwood, J. K.; Smith, K. W. 1999. Mortality incident in Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita in Morocco in May 1996. Oryx 33: 160-167.
UNEP/CMS. 2008. Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita). In: Vagg, R. (ed.), CMS Family Guide: the encyclopaedia of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, pp. Species 22. UNEP-CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany.
UvA Bird Tracking System. Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita) Reintroduction programme in Andalusia. Available at: http://www.uva-bits.nl/project/northern-bald-ibis-geronticus-eremita-reintroduction-programme-in-andalusia/. (Accessed: 13/03/2017).
Wald, C. 2014. Flying lessons. BBC Wildlife August: 82-88.
Waldrappteam. 2014a. Breeding area Burghausen. Waldrappteam. Available at: http://waldrapp.eu/index.php/en/project-sites/breeding-area-burghausen. (Accessed: 29/07/2015).
Waldrappteam. 2014b. Reason for Hope. Waldrappteam Available at: http://waldrapp.eu/index.php/en/project/project-info. (Accessed: 30/07/2015).
Yeniyurt, C.; Oppel, S.; Isfendiyaroglu, S.; Ozkinaci, G.; Erkol, I. L.; Bowden, C. G. R. 2017. Influence of feeding ecology on breeding success of a semi-wild population of the critically endangered Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita in southern Turkey. Bird Conservation International 27: 537-549.
Zoufal, K.; Fritz, J.; Bichler, M.; Kirbauer, M.; Markut, T.; Meran, I.; Riedler, B. 2006. Feeding ecology of the Northern Bald Ibis in its European winter and summer habitat: an experimental field study with hand-raised individuals. Journal of Ornithology 147(5): 279.
IUCN SSC Stork, Ibis and Spoonbill Specialist Group
African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) International Action Plan 2006
Detailed species account from European Red List of Birds (BirdLife International 2015)
RSPB - Ecology of threatened species
RSPB - International Research - Northern Bald Ibis
Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/northern-bald-ibis-geronticus-eremita on 21/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 21/12/2024.