• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Apteryx australis, A. mantelli and A. rowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously treated as A. australis and A. mantelli (incorporating rowi) following Baker et al. (1995); prior to that all three taxa were lumped as A. australis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	A2bce

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2017	Vulnerable	A2bce
2016	Endangered	A2bce+3bce+4bce
2014	Endangered	A2bce+3bce+4bce
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	157,000 km2	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	10000-19999 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2015
Population trend	stable	good	estimated	2003-2029
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Generation length	8.8 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-

Population justification: In 2015, the estimated number of individuals in the four main populations was: 8,200 in Northland, 1,000 on Little Barrier, 1,700 on the Coromandel Peninsula, 7,150 in the eastern North Island and 7,500 in the western North Island, giving a total of ca 25,550 birds (H. Robertson in litt. 2016). More than 1,000 individuals of this species are also present on pest-free offshore islands, especially Hauturu-o-Toi/Little Barrier. The total population is therefore estimated to number 26,550 (rounded here to 26,600), which equates to approximately 17,700 mature individuals, placed here in the band  10,000-19,999 mature individuals.

Trend justification: Unmanaged mainland populations are declining at 2.5% per annum owing to introduced predators (Robertson et al. 2011). However, this is thought to be balanced by population increases in areas where predators are absent or managed to low densities (H. Robertson in litt. 2016). It is estimated that the population has undergone an overall reduction of 30-49% across three generations (26 years).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
New Zealand	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
New Zealand	Te Hauturu-o-Toi Little Barrier Island

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	marginal	non-breeding
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Temperate	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Temperate	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 1000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Canis familiaris	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Mustela erminea	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Mustela furo	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: North Island Brown Kiwi Apteryx mantelli. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/north-island-brown-kiwi-apteryx-mantelli on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.