Taxonomic note
Trochalopteron fairbanki, T. meridionale, T. jerdoni and T. cachinnans have been moved to the new genus Montecincla after they were found to be sister to a clade composed of Heterophasia, Minla, Actinodura, Leiothrix, Liocichla and Crocias (Robin et al. 2017). They have also received new common names, and are listed as Palani Chilappan Montecincla fairbanki, Ashambu Chilappan M. meridionalis, Banasura Chilappan M. jerdoni and Nilgiri Chilappan M. cachinnans.
T. fairbanki and T. meridionale (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Strophocincla fairbanki following Rasmussen and Anderton (2005).
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International. 2019. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 4. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v4_Dec19.zip.
Robin, V. V., Vishnudas, C. K., Gupta, P., Rheindt, F. E., Hooper, D. M., Ramakrishnan, U., & Reddy, S. 2017. Two new genera of songbirds represent endemic radiations from the Shola Sky Islands of the Western Ghats, India. BMC evolutionary biology, 17(1): 31.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2024 | Near Threatened | B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) |
2016 | Endangered | B1ab(ii,iii,v) |
2012 | Not Recognised | |
2008 | Not Recognised | |
2004 | Not Recognised | |
2000 | Not Recognised | |
1994 | Not Recognised | |
1988 | Not Recognised |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) | 1,600 km2 | |
Number of locations | 11-100 | - |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | unknown | - | - | - |
Population trend | decreasing | poor | suspected | - |
Generation length | 6.05 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population size of this species has not been quantified. Although it has a localised and scattered distribution in the Western Ghats, occurring only on the upper plateau of the Nilgiri Hills in north-west Tamil Nadu and the western cliffs of adjacent Kerala (Zarri et al. 2008, Collar et al. 2020, eBird 2023, SoIB 2023), within this it is evidently common and among the most frequently encountered species within its range (eBird 2023).
Trend justification: Presumably much declined from historical baselines given the significant removal of habitat from within its range (see Reddy et al. [2016] for summary of forest cover changes in the Western Ghats between 1920 and 2013). There are no monitoring data from which to derive a current trend for this species, although it is precautionarily suspected to be declining, albeit at a slow rate. Habitat loss and degradation has been slow over the past decade (2013–2023) according to remote sensing data (Global Forest Watch 2023, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein), and this species is evidently tolerant of relatively severe habitat modifications, occurring also in heavily degraded forests and wooded gardens (Collar et al. 2020, eBird 2023).
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
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India | extant | native | yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
India | Avalanche (Nilgiri) |
India | Bison Swamp (Nilgiri) |
India | Cairn Hill Reserve Forest (Nilgiri) |
India | Governor's Shola (Nilgiri) |
India | Kemmangundi and Bababudan Hills |
India | Kudremukh National Park |
India | Longwood Shola - Kothagiri |
India | Mukurthi National Park (Nilgiris) |
India | Muthikulam-Siruvani Reserve Forest |
India | Naduvattam |
India | Silent Valley National Park |
India | Thaishola |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | marginal | resident |
Artificial/Terrestrial | Rural Gardens | marginal | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | major | resident |
Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude | suitable | resident |
Altitude | 1600 - 2600 m | Occasional altitudinal limits | (min) 1400 m |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Large dams | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
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Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Nilgiri Chilappan Montecincla cachinnans. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/nilgiri-chilappan-montecincla-cachinnans on 14/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 14/12/2024.