• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	A2cd+3cd+4cd

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Vulnerable	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2016	Vulnerable	A2cd+3cd+4cd;C2a(i)
2012	Vulnerable	A2cd+3cd+4cd;C2a(i)
2008	Vulnerable	A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d; C2a(i)
2007	Vulnerable
2004	Endangered
2000	Endangered
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	shelf island	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	212,000 km2	medium
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	medium	inferred	2010-2027
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	25-40,30-40%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	25-40,30-40%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	25-40,30-40%	-	-	-
Generation length	5.54 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-50,10-25	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size of this species has not previously been estimated but is likely to be relatively small and declining. On Bohol, assuming relatively high detectability of eBird (2022) data, the population is highly unlikely to number more than 100-200 mature individuals. However, across Mindanao and Samar/Leyte, c.8,000 km² of primary forest remains (per Global Forest Watch 2022), such that even if the species occurs at a low density, it is likely to exceed 10,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: This species is thought to be especially impacted by habitat loss and fragmentation given its reliance on primary forest. On Bohol, habitat loss has been almost total, although the remaining population (thought to be only a small percentage of the global) is well protected (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2022) and is likely to be stable. On Samar and Leyte, there are recent records from only Samar Island Natural Park which does not appear to be well protected, with recent observations of selective logging (see Hutchinson 2021) on a scale likely to impact this species beyond the rate of total forest loss (which on these islands has been 15-20% over the past three generations [per Global Forest Watch 2022], depending on the assumptions used). The species' stronghold is now almost certainly Mindanao, where lowland forest continues to be exploited and converted into plantations that do not support this understorey-dwelling species (Allen 2020, eBird 2022). On Mindanao, habitat for this species over the past three generations (16.6 years; Bird et al. 2020) is thought to have reduced by more than 30% on the basis that the 24-26% reduction of forest cover (per Global Forest Watch 2022) is the absolute minimum rate of reduction, and selective logging/habitat degradation has likely caused additive declines. Moreover, hunting is an unquantified threat but may be increasingly prevalent given the perimeter:area ratio of habitat is increasing as forest patches become divided and fragmented. With so much uncertainty, determining the global rate of reduction for this species is difficult, but over the past three generations is suspected to be 25-40%, with a best estimate of 30-40%.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Philippines	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Philippines	Anonang-Lobi Range
Philippines	Basilan Natural Biotic Area
Philippines	Bislig
Philippines	Mount Cabalantian - Mount Capoto-an complex
Philippines	Mount Diwata Range
Philippines	Mount Hamiguitan (Tumadgo peak)
Philippines	Mount Hilong-hilong
Philippines	Mount Kambinlio and Mount Redondo
Philippines	Mount Malindang
Philippines	Mount Matutum
Philippines	Mount Nacolod
Philippines	Mount Yacgun - Mount Sohoton complex
Philippines	Munai / Tambo
Philippines	Pasonanca watershed
Philippines	Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape
Philippines	Southern Samar mountains

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 600 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 750 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Mindanao Bleeding-heart Gallicolumba crinigera. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/mindanao-bleeding-heart-gallicolumba-crinigera on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.