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• Text account
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• Reference and further resources

Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.

del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. 1999. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.

Global Forest Watch. 2023. Interactive Forest Change Mapping Tool. Available at: http://www.globalforestwatch.org/.

Hansen, M.C., Potapov, P.V., Moore, R., Hancher, M., Turubanova, S.A., Tyukavina, A., Thau, D., Stehman, S.V., Goetz, S.J., Loveland, T.R., Kommareddy, A., Egorov, A., Chini, L., Justice, C.O. and Townshend, J.R.G. 2013. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342: 850-853.

Hilty, S. L. 2003. Birds of Venezuela. A&C Black, London.

IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 07 December 2023).

Lentino, M., Sharpe, C. J. 2015. Ángel del Sol de Mérida, Heliangelus spencei. Caracas, Venezuela. Provita y Fundación Empresas Polar. Available at: https://www.especiesamenazadas.org/taxon/chordata/aves/apodiformes/trochilidae/heliangelus/angel-del-sol-de-merida.

Restall, R.; Rodner, C.; Lentino, M. 2006. Birds of northern South America: an identification guide. Volume 1: species accounts. Christopher Helm, London.

Ridgely, R.S. 2002. Unpublished data.

Stotz, D.F., Fitzpatrick, J.W., Parker, T.A. and Moskovits, D.K. 1996. Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Merida Sunangel Heliangelus spencei. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/merida-sunangel-heliangelus-spencei on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.