Data Zone
BirdLife International. 2015. European Red List of Birds. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
Burger, J.; Gochfeld, M.; Garcia, E. F. J. 2017. Mediterranean Gull (Larus melanocephalus). In: del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D. A.; de Juana, E. (ed.), Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, pp. Lynx Edicions. Barcelona, Spain.
Burgess, N.D.; Hirons, J.M. 1992. Creation and management of articficial nesting sites for wetland birds. Journal of Environmental Management 34(4): 285-295.
del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
European Commission. 2016. Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/wildbirds/threatened/l/larus_melanocephalus_en.htm. (Accessed: 03.11.2017).
Fasola, M.; Canova, L. 1996. Conservation of gull and tern colony sites in north-eastern Italy, an internationally important bird area. Colonial Waterbirds 19: 59-67.
IUCN. 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-3. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 10 December 2019).
James, P. C. 1984. The status and conservation of seabirds in the Mediterranean Sea. In: Croxall, J.P.; Evans, P.G.H.; Schreiber, R.W. (ed.), Status and conservation of the world's seabirds, pp. 371-375. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, U.K.
Milchev, B.; Kodjabashev, N.; Sivkov, Y.; Chobanov, D. 2004. Post-breeding season diet of the Mediterranean gull Larus melanocephalus at the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Atlantic Seabirds 6(2): 65-78.
Olsen, K. M.; Larsson, H. 2003. Gulls of Europe, Asia and North America. Christopher Helm, London.
Snow, D.W.; Perrins, C.M. 1998. The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Volume 1: Non-Passerines. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Urban, E.K.; Fry, C.H.; Keith, S. 1986. The Birds of Africa, Volume II. Academic Press, London.
Detailed species account from European Red List of Birds (BirdLife International 2015)
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/mediterranean-gull-larus-melanocephalus on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.