Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v); C2a(i); D | B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v); C1+2a(i); D1+2 |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2023 | Endangered | B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v); C2a(i); D |
2016 | Endangered | B1ab(iii,v); C2a(i); D |
2014 | Endangered | B1ab(iii,v); C2a(i) |
2013 | Vulnerable | D1+2 |
2012 | Vulnerable | D1+2 |
2008 | Vulnerable | D1; D2 |
2006 | Vulnerable | |
2004 | Vulnerable | |
2000 | Vulnerable | |
1996 | Endangered | |
1994 | Endangered | |
1988 | Threatened |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 540 km2 | medium |
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) | 316 km2 | medium |
Number of locations | 3 | - |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | 140-170 mature individuals | good | estimated | 2018 |
Population trend | decreasing | good | estimated | 2013-2024 |
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 25-29% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 5-15% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-24% | - | - | - |
Generation length | 3.81 years | - | - | - |
Number of subpopulations | 3 | - | - | - |
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 1-89% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The species underwent a spectacular recovery from just four wild birds in 1974 (Safford and Jones 1997) to a probable peak of 350-500 individuals at the end of the 1990s (C. Jones in litt. 2012, Jones et al. 2013), thanks to a successful restoration programme that took place between 1973 and 1994, and subsequent monitoring (e.g. Nicoll et al. 2004, Nicoll et al. 2021). However, since the late 2000s, a continuing decline has been observed, and most recently Nicoll et al. (2021) estimates the population in 2018 at less than 250 individuals, i.e. less than 170 mature individuals. Considering total the number of pairs monitored over all subpopulations, it is likely that the population minimum is c.73 pairs, therefore it is considered that the population is between 140 and 170 mature individuals. The species is currently considered to be divided into three discrete subpopulations (with the fourth subpopulation in the north of the island extinct since 2007), with no interchange between the subpopulations (Nevoux et al. 2013, Nicoll et al. 2021).
Trend justification: The peak population size is likely to have occurred at the end of the 1990s, at 350-500 individuals and 99 breeding pairs (Cade 2008, C. Jones in litt. 2012, Jones et al. 2013). Past estimates showed a population size of 800-1,000 individuals by the start of the 2005-2006 breeding season (Burgess et al. 2009; V. Tatayah in litt. 2006), but it is now thought unlikely that the population was ever actually close to reaching 1,000 individuals (V. Tatayah in litt. 2012). In 2007-2008, the population was estimated at 500-600 individuals but with only 88 breeding pairs (Cade 2008, Dale 2008), and in 2011-2012, the total population was estimated at c. 300-400 birds (V. Tatayah in litt. 2012). The current population is estimated to be less than 250 individuals overall (Nicoll et al. 2021).
Declines have been observed in the western subpopulation, particularly in suboptimal habitat on the periphery of its range, since 2007-2008, with 30 pairs monitored in 2012 (three generations ago) (V. Tatayah in litt. 2012, Jones et al. 2013, Nicoll et al. 2021). In 2016, approximately 20 pairs were monitored in this subpopulation, with this number going down to below 15 by 2018. The eastern population has grown and stabilised since 2008 at over 50 pairs, whereas that in the southern subpopulation is relatively stable but with eight pairs or less (Nicoll et al. 2021). With two subpopulations stable and one decreasing (Nicoll et al. 2021), the species is therefore estimated to have declined by approximately 26% over the past three generations (and therefore placed in the band of 25-29% past reduction), 24% between 2013 and 2024 (and therefore placed in the band 20-24% past and future reduction) and projected to decline by approximately 10% over the next three generations (and therefore placed in the band 5-15% future reduction).
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mauritius | extant | native | yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Mauritius | Black River Gorges National Park and surrounding areas |
Mauritius | Chamarel - Le Morne |
Mauritius | East coast mountains |
Mauritius | Macchabé - Brise Fer forest |
Mauritius | Mauritius South-eastern Islets |
Mauritius | Moka mountains |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | resident |
Artificial/Terrestrial | Urban Areas | marginal | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
Savanna | Dry | suitable | resident |
Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
Altitude | 0 - 800 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Unlikely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | No decline | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Unlikely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | No decline | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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Climate change & severe weather | Other impacts | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Herpestes javanicus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Macaca fascicularis | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus rattus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Unlikely to Return | Whole (>90%) | No decline | Past Impact | ||||||
|
Purpose | Scale |
---|---|
Pets/display animals, horticulture |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Mauritius Kestrel Falco punctatus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/mauritius-kestrel-falco-punctatus on 25/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 25/12/2024.