Data Zone
Akçakaya, H.R., Keith, D.A., Burgman, M., Butchart, S.H.M., Hoffmann, M., Regan, H.M., Harrison, I. and Boakes, E. 2017. Inferring extinctions III: a cost-benefit framework for listing extinct species. Biological Conservation 214: 336–342.
Amante-Helweg, V.L.U. and Conant, S. 2009. Hawaiian culture and forest birds. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation Biology of Hawaiian Forest Birds: Implications for Island Avifauna, pp. 59-79. Yale University Press, New Haven.
Atkinson, C.T, Lapointe, D. A. 2009. Ecology and pathogenicity of avian malaria and pox. In: Pratt, T. K., Atkinson, C. T., Banko, P. C., Jacobi, J. D., Woodworth B. L. (ed.), Conservation biology of Hawaiian forest birds, pp. 234-252. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Banko, W. E. 1968. Rediscovery of Maui Nukupuu, Hemignathus lucidus affinis, and sighting of Maui Parrotbill, Pseudonestor xanthophrys, Kipahulu Valley, Maui; Hawaii. Condor 70(265-266).
Banko, W. E. 1984. Historical synthesis of recent endemic Hawaiian birds. Part 1: population histories--species accounts; forest birds: 'Akialva, Nukupu'u and 'Akiapola'au. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.
Banko, W.E. and Banko, P.C. 2009. Historic decline and extinction. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation Biology of Hawaiian Forest Birds: Implications for Island Avifauna, pp. 25-58. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.
Butchart, S. H. M.; Lowe, S.; Martin, R. W.; Symes, A.; Westrip, J. R. S.; Wheatley, H. 2018. Which birds have gone extinct? A novel quantitative classification approach. Biological Conservation 227: 9-18.
Conant, S.; Pratt, H. D.; Shallenberger, R. J. 1998. Reflections on a 1975 expedition to the lost world of the Alaka'i and other notes on the natural history, systematics, and conservation of Kaua'i birds. Wilson Bulletin 110: 1-22.
Foster, J. T. 2009. The history and impact of introduced birds. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation Biology of Hawaiian Forest Birds, pp. 312-330. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
IUCN. 2024. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-2. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 22 October 2024).
Keith, D.A., Butchart S.H.M., Regan, H.M., Collen, B., Harrison, I., Solow, A.R. and Burgman, M.A. 2017. Inferring extinctions I: a structured method using information on threats. Biological Conservation 214: 320–327.
Kirch, P. 1982. The impact of the prehistoric Polynesians on the Hawaiian ecosystem. Pacific Science 36: 1-14.
Lapointe D. A., Atkinson C. T. and Jarvi S. I. 2009. Managing disease. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation biology of Hawaiian forest birds, pp. 405-424. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Lindsey, G. D., Hess, S. C., Campbell III, Earl W. and Sugihara, R. T. 2009. Small mammals as predators and competitors. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation Biology of Hawaiian Forest Birds, pp. 274-292. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Munro, G. C. 1960. Birds of Hawaii. Bridgeway press, Rutland, Vermont; Tokyo.
Perkins, R. C. L. 1903. Vertebrata, pt. 4. In: Sharp, D (ed.), Fauna Hawai’iensis; being the land-fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, pp. 365-466. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
Pratt, H.D. 1994. Avifaunal change in the Hawaiian Islands, 1893-1993. Studies in Avian Biology 15: 103-118.
Pratt, H.D., Bruner, P.L. and Berrett, D.G. 1987. A field guide to the birds of Hawaii and the tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Pratt, T. K.; Pyle, R. L. 1999. Nukupu'u in the twentieth century: endangered species or phantom presence?.
Pratt, T. K.; Pyle, R. L. 2000. Nukupu'u in the twentieth century: endangered species or phantom presence? 'Elepaio 60: 35-41.
Reynolds, M.; Snetsinger, T.; Pratt, T. 1995. Endangered birds found on Maui. Endangered Species Bulletin 20: 10-11.
Reynolds, M.H.; Snetsinger, T.J. 2001. The Hawai'i Rare Bird Search 1994-1996. Studies in Avian Biology 22: 133-143.
Scott, J.M.; Mountainspring, S.; Ramsey, F.L.; Kepler, C.B. 1986. Forest bird communities of the Hawaiian Islands: Their dynamics, ecology, and conservation. Cooper Ornithological Society, California.
Thompson, C.J., Koshkina, V., Burgman, M.A., Butchart, S.H.M. and Stone, L. 2017. Inferring extinctions II: a practical, iterative model based on records and surveys. Biological Conservation 214: 328–335.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1983. Kauai forest birds recovery plan. USFWS, Portland, USA.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2023. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of 21 Species From the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. Federal Register 88(199): 71644-71682.
Link to species profile on Search for Lost Birds website
Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Maui Nukupuu Hemignathus affinis. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/maui-nukupuu-hemignathus-affinis on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.