Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| C1 | A2abcd+3bcd+4abcd; C1+2a(i); D | A2abcd+3bcd+4abcd; C1+2a(i); D1 |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Critically Endangered | C1 |
| 2016 | Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd; C2a(i) |
| 2012 | Endangered | A2cd+3cd+4cd;C2a(i) |
| 2009 | Endangered | A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d |
| 2008 | Vulnerable | |
| 2004 | Vulnerable | |
| 2000 | Vulnerable | |
| 1996 | Vulnerable | |
| 1994 | Vulnerable | |
| 1988 | Threatened |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | low |
| Land-mass type |
continent |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 1,650,000 km2 | medium |
| Number of locations | 7-12 | - |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 108-304 mature individuals | poor | estimated | 2020 |
| Population trend | decreasing | poor | estimated | 2015-2030 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 60-79% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 60-79% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 60-79,62% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 5.1 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 3 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 1-89% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The species appears to have declined dramatically and is now known from comparatively few sites, occurring at low densities everywhere. Based on records compiled between 2008 and 2018 for the largest subpopulation in Bangladesh, supplemented with best-guesses derived from published, unpublished and anecdotal information for other sites, the total population is estimated to number 108-304 mature individuals in total (Chowdhury et al. 2020 and references therein). National population estimates include 80-160 mature individuals in the Sundarbans in Bangladesh, 12-64 mature individuals in Cambodia, 12-40 mature individuals in Myanmar, 4-30 mature individuals in Laos, 0-6 mature individuals in Viet Nam and 0-4 mature individuals in India (Chowdhury et al. 2020 and references therein). These values should however be treated with caution, as in parts of the range suitable habitat remains which has not been fully investigated (Chowdhury et al. 2020).
It is here assumed that the species forms several small subpopulations based on its localised distribution across South-East Asia: resident subpopulations in Bangladesh (80-160 mature individuals) and in Myanmar (12-40 mature individuals), and a presumed migratory population breeding in Cambodia, Laos and Viet Nam considered to function as one additional subpopulation of 16-100 mature individuals (Chowdhury et al. 2020).
Trend justification: The species is undergoing very rapid declines throughout its range. Formerly considered widespread across South-East Asia, it has suffered local extinctions in parts of its range, notably in India, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia, while the number of recordings in occupied areas has decreased substantially despite intense survey effort (Chowdhury et al. 2020). Habitat conversion is considered to be the main driver of the decline, with riverine systems amongst the most disturbed and most degraded environments in South-East Asia.
A comprehensive survey of the largest known population in Bangladesh observed a 36% decrease in nests over just seven years (Chowdhury et al. 2017). This is equivalent to an estimated one-generation decline rate of 28%, and a projected rate of 48% over two generations and 62% over three generations (15.3 years). Based on the intensity of threats acting on all populations throughout the range and the assembled evidence of similar rapid reduction and disappearance from virtually the whole range, it is considered that this rate is representative for the global population, or probably even too conservative (Chowdhury et al. 2020). As such, it is estimated that the global population is declining at a rate of 60-79% over three generations, and that this rate is expected to continue into the future.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cambodia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| India | possibly extant | native | yes | |||
| Indonesia | possibly extant | native | yes | |||
| Laos | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Malaysia | possibly extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Myanmar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Singapore | possibly extant | native | yes | |||
| Thailand | possibly extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Vietnam | extant | native | yes | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level | suitable | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 1220 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Industrial aquaculture | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Climate change & severe weather | Storms & flooding | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Energy production & mining | Mining & quarrying | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use - Dams (size unknown) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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| Transportation & service corridors | Shipping lanes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
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| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Masked Finfoot Heliopais personatus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/masked-finfoot-heliopais-personatus on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.