• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Pseudastur polionotus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Leucopternis.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	C2a(ii)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c; C2a(ii)
2016	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c; C2a(i)
2012	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c;C2a(i)
2011	Near Threatened	A2c; A3c; A4c; C2a(i)
2008	Near Threatened	A2c; A3c; A4c; C1; C2a(i); D1
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	1,500,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2011
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2020-2042
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-25%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-25%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-25%	-	-	-
Generation length	7.44 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: This species appears to exist at very low densities, prompting Ferguson-Lees and Christie (2001) to infer that the total population is unlikely to exceed the uppermost hundreds; however, this seems very conservative given its extensive range. The population size is therefore suspected to fall within the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals, pending further research. The subpopulation structure is not known, but the species has a high dispersal ability and is assumed to have a single subpopulation.

Trend justification: This species's population is suspected to be undergoing a moderately rapid decline owing to continued habitat loss. Over the period 2000-2020, approximately 14% of tree cover with at least 30% canopy cover was lost from within the species's range (Global Forest Watch 2021). Extrapolating these data, it is estimated that approximately 16% of tree cover was lost from the species's range over the past three generations (22 years) and approximately 19% of tree cover will be lost from the species's range over the next three generations. Although this species tolerates some forest degradation, it is usually found in areas of well-preserved forest, and it may also suffer from some persecution (Sick 1997). Allowing a margin of uncertainty, the population size is suspected to be declining at a range of approximately 10-25% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Argentina	extant	vagrant	yes
Brazil	extant	native	yes
Paraguay	possibly extinct	native	yes
Uruguay	presence uncertain	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Brazil	Estação Ecológica de Juréia-Itatins
Brazil	Parque Estadual do Rio Guarani

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 1500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Likely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining	Renewable energy	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Commercial & industrial areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Mantled Hawk Pseudastur polionotus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/mantled-hawk-pseudastur-polionotus on 26/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/11/2024.