Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Vulnerable | A2cd+3cd+4cd |
| 2016 | Near Threatened | A3cd |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | A3cd |
| 2008 | Near Threatened | A3c,d |
| 2006 | Near Threatened | |
| 2004 | Near Threatened | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
| 1988 | Near Threatened |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | high |
| Land-mass type |
shelf island |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 689,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 2500-9999 mature individuals | medium | suspected | 2024 |
| Population trend | decreasing | poor | inferred | 2016-2032 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 25-35% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 30-40% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 35-45% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 5.8 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 2 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 1-89% | - | - | - |
Population justification: Although the population was estimated in 1995 at 10,000 individuals (Byers 1995), the species’ population size has not been quantified since then. However, due to the age of this estimate, the declines in suitable habitat and suspected declines in population size in line with habitat decline since then, the species’ population size is now suspected to be less than 10,000 individuals (J. Westrip in litt. 2024, L-A. Réné de Roland in litt. 2024, R. Rabarisoa in litt. 2024), and is therefore placed in the band of 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.
Trend justification: The species is highly dependent on intact primary forest and absent from agricultural land near forest, and forest near villages, the latter likely also due to disturbance and hunting, as well as habitat loss (Rocha et al. 2015, Benjara et al. 2020, J. Westrip in litt. 2024), and it has been seen to be lost from forests subject to high disturbance, degradation and/or fragmentation (Milantosoanandrasana 2015, L-A. Réné de Roland in litt. 2024, R. Rabarisoa in litt. 2024).
Tree cover loss (canopy density >30%) within the species’ range has been estimated at between 30-31% over the past three generations, projected to reach 39-40% between 2016 and 2032 (starting from 2016, when forest loss peaked) and, based on the average annual loss of tree cover in the species’ range over the past five years (2018-2023), projected to reach 33% and 34% over the next three generations (Global Forest Watch 2024, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Due to its dependence on and rapid loss of native forest habitat, it is inferred that its population size is declining in parallel with tree cover loss. This decline is likely exacerbated by high hunting pressure (Collar 2013, Borgerson et al. 2023) which occurs even in protected areas, as seen in camera trap footage analysis from Masoala and Makira National Parks, revealing a decline in the species’ occupancy probability in these parks between 2008 and 2013 (Murphy et al. 2017). Accounting for a level of uncertainty, the species suspected rate of decline is therefore placed in the wider bands of 25-35% over the past three generations, 35-45% between 2016 and 2032, and 30-40% over the next three generations.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madagascar | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 2000 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Madagascar Crested Ibis Lophotibis cristata. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/madagascar-crested-ibis-lophotibis-cristata on 21/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 21/12/2024.