• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	214,000 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	-
Generation length	6.49 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is reported to be common in primary forest (del Hoyo et al. 2001). On Polillo island, density estimates of the species were found to be 4.75 individuals/km² in disturbed forest and 1.25 individuals/km² in residual forests (Mamangun & Gonzalez 2009).

Trend justification: The population is suspected to be in decline locally owing to ongoing habitat destruction and hunting for food and trade (del Hoyo et al. 2001). Due to online trade via social media, there has been an increase in local illegal hunting incidents (E.A. Lastica Ternura in litt. 2020), but the rate of decline has not been quantified.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Philippines	extant	native		yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Philippines	Angat watershed
Philippines	Bulusan Volcano Natural Park
Philippines	Caramoan peninsula
Philippines	Catanduanes Watershed Forest Reserve
Philippines	Central Marinduque
Philippines	Central Sierra Madre mountains
Philippines	Kalbario-Patapat National Park
Philippines	Mount Isarog National Park
Philippines	Mount Makiling
Philippines	Mount Pulag National Park
Philippines	Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park
Philippines	Peñablanca Protected Landscape and Seascape
Philippines	Polillo Islands
Philippines	Quezon National Park
Philippines	University of the Philippines Land Grants (Pakil and Real)

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	marginal	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 900 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Luzon Hornbill Penelopides manillae. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/luzon-hornbill-penelopides-manillae on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.