• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	C2a(i)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2016	Vulnerable	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2012	Vulnerable	A2cd+3cd+4cd
2008	Vulnerable	A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	127,000 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	38,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	7500-15000 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2007
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2017-2036
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	6.54 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	7-100	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The species is described as rare and local (Snow et al. 2020). In Ecuador, population densities of 4-8 individuals/km² were observed in suitable habitat (O. Jahn in litt. 2007). Assuming that this density is representative for the entire range, and further assuming that only 10% of forests in the range are occupied to account for its rarity (i.e., 2,800 km²; Global Forest Watch 2022), the population is estimated to number 11,200-22,400 individuals. This roughly equates to 7,500-15,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population is declining as a result of habitat loss, hunting and trapping. In particular, hunting has caused local extinctions or declines mainly in close proximity to settlements (Renjifo et al. 2014 and references therein). In recent decades its distribution in lowland Ecuador has contracted greatly, but a few leks survived at altitudes as low as 80 m at least until the early 2000s (O. Jahn in litt. 2007).
The rate of decline is difficult to quantify. Over three generations (19.6 years) up to 6% of tree cover has been lost within the range (Global Forest Watch 2022, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Even though the species is moderately tolerant of open and converted habitat it strongly relies on dense, mature forest for feeding and lekking sites (Snow et al. 2020); therefore, forest degradation, disturbance and fragmentation may exacerbate population declines. The impact of hunting and trapping has not been quantified, but is apparently locally severe (Renjifo et al. 2014, Snow et al. 2020). Taking the rate of tree cover loss as a basis, and accounting for the additional impacts of habitat degradation, hunting and trapping, population declines are here tentatively placed in the band 20-29% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Colombia	extant	native	yes
Ecuador	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Reserva Natural El Pangán
Colombia	Reserva Natural Río Ñambí
Colombia	Reserva Natural Tambito
Ecuador	Bosque Protector Los Cedros
Ecuador	Bosque Protector Molleturo Mullopungo
Ecuador	Cayapas-Santiago-Wimbí
Ecuador	Centro Científico Río Palenque
Ecuador	Corredor Awacachi
Ecuador	Los Bancos - Milpe
Ecuador	Mache Chindul Ecological Reserve and surrouding areas (Reserva Ecológica Mache-Chindul IBA)
Ecuador	Maquipucuna-Río Guayllabamba
Ecuador	Mashpi-Pachijal
Ecuador	Mindo and western foothills of Volcan Pichincha
Ecuador	Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi-Cayapas
Ecuador	Río Toachi-Chiriboga
Ecuador	Territorio Étnico Awá y alrededores
Ecuador	Tonchigüe-Mompiche
Ecuador	Verde-Ónzole-Cayapas-Canandé

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	marginal	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	80 - 1900 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Long-wattled Umbrellabird Cephalopterus penduliger. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/long-wattled-umbrellabird-cephalopterus-penduliger on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.