Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 163,000,000 km2 | |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 168,000,000 km2 | |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | unknown | poor | estimated | 2009 |
| Population trend | increasing | - | suspected | - |
| Generation length | 11.3 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The population is estimated to number 3,300,000-4,300,000 individuals.
Trend justification: The overall population trend is increasing, although some populations have unknown trends (Delany and Scott 2006).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angola | extant | native | yes | |||
| Antarctica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Argentina | extant | native | yes | |||
| Australia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Barbados | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bouvet Island (to Norway) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Brazil | extant | native | yes | |||
| Chile | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ecuador | extant | native | yes | |||
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | extant | native | yes | |||
| French Southern Territories | extant | native | yes | |||
| Gabon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Heard Island and McDonald Islands (to Australia) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Madagascar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mauritania | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Mexico | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mozambique | extant | native | yes | |||
| Namibia | extant | native | yes | |||
| New Zealand | extant | native | yes | |||
| Panama | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Peru | extant | native | yes | |||
| Senegal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Seychelles | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| South Africa | extant | native | yes | |||
| South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Helena (to UK) | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Trinidad and Tobago | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Uruguay | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | major | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | resident |
| Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | resident |
| Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | suitable | resident |
| Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | resident |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | resident |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/kelp-gull-larus-dominicanus on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.