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Akcakaya, H. R., Keith, D. A., Burgman, M., Butchart, S. H. M., Hoffman, M., Regan, H. M. Harrison, I., Boakes, E. 2017. Inferring extinctions III: A cost-benefit framework for listing extinct species. Biological Conservation 214: 336-342.

Amante-Helweg, V.L.U. and Conant, S. 2009. Hawaiian culture and forest birds. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation Biology of Hawaiian Forest Birds: Implications for Island Avifauna, pp. 59-79. Yale University Press, New Haven.

Atkinson, C.T, Lapointe, D. A. 2009. Ecology and pathogenicity of avian malaria and pox. In: Pratt, T. K., Atkinson, C. T., Banko, P. C., Jacobi, J. D., Woodworth B. L. (ed.), Conservation biology of Hawaiian forest birds, pp. 234-252. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

Banko, W.E. and Banko, P.C. 2009. Historic decline and extinction. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation Biology of Hawaiian Forest Birds: Implications for Island Avifauna, pp. 25-58. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.

Conant, S.; Pratt, H. D.; Shallenberger, R. J. 1998. Reflections on a 1975 expedition to the lost world of the Alaka'i and other notes on the natural history, systematics, and conservation of Kaua'i birds. Wilson Bulletin 110: 1-22.

Foster, J. T. 2009. The history and impact of introduced birds. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation Biology of Hawaiian Forest Birds, pp. 312-330. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

IUCN. 2024. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-2. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 22 October 2024).

Keith, D. A., Butchart, S. H. M., Regan, H. M., Harrison, I., Akcakaya, H. R., Solow, A. R., Burgman, M. A. 2017. Inferring extinctions I: A structured method using information on threats. Biological Conservation 214: 320-327.

Kirch, P. 1982. The impact of the prehistoric Polynesians on the Hawaiian ecosystem. Pacific Science 36: 1-14.

Lapointe D. A., Atkinson C. T. and Jarvi S. I. 2009. Managing disease. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation biology of Hawaiian forest birds, pp. 405-424. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

Lindsey, G. D., Hess, S. C., Campbell III, Earl W. and Sugihara, R. T. 2009. Small mammals as predators and competitors. In: Pratt, T.K., Atkinson, C.T., Banko, P.C., Jacobi, J.D. and Woodworth, B.L. (eds), Conservation Biology of Hawaiian Forest Birds, pp. 274-292. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.

Munro, G. C. 1960. Birds of Hawaii. Bridgeway press, Rutland, Vermont; Tokyo.

Perkins, R. C. L. 1903. Vertebrata, pt. 4. In: Sharp, D (ed.), Fauna Hawai’iensis; being the land-fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, pp. 365-466. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

Pratt, H.D. 1994. Avifaunal change in the Hawaiian Islands, 1893-1993. Studies in Avian Biology 15: 103-118.

Pratt, H.D. 2010. Family Drepanididae (Hawaiian Honeycreepers). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Christie, D.A. (eds), Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 15: Weavers to New World Warblers, Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Pratt, H.D., Bruner, P.L. and Berrett, D.G. 1987. A field guide to the birds of Hawaii and the tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Pratt, T. K.; Pyle, R. L. 1999. Nukupu'u in the twentieth century: endangered species or phantom presence?.

Pratt, T. K.; Pyle, R. L. 2000. Nukupu'u in the twentieth century: endangered species or phantom presence? 'Elepaio 60: 35-41.

Pyle, R.L.; Pyle, P. 2017. The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status. Version 2 (1 January 2017). B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A.

Richardson, F. and Bowles, J. 1964. A survey of the birds of Kauai, Hawaii. B. P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 227: 1-49.

Scott, J.M.; Mountainspring, S.; Ramsey, F.L.; Kepler, C.B. 1986. Forest bird communities of the Hawaiian Islands: Their dynamics, ecology, and conservation. Cooper Ornithological Society, California.

Thompson, C. J., Koshkina, V., Burgman, M. A., Butchart, S. H. M. and Stone, L. 2017. Inferring extinctions II: A practical, iterative model based on records and surveys. Biological Conservation 214: 328-335.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1983. Kauai forest birds recovery plan. USFWS, Portland, USA.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2023. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of 21 Species From the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. Federal Register 88(199): 71644-71682.

USFWS (United States Fish and Wildlife Service). 2022. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of 23 Extinct Species From the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants. Federal Register 86(187): 54298-54338.

Link to species profile on Search for Lost Birds website

Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library

This species has been identified as an Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) trigger - click here for more information

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Kauai Nukupuu Hemignathus hanapepe. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/kauai-nukupuu-hemignathus-hanapepe on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.