Taxonomic note
Sometimes treated as conspecific with Z. grayi; both sometimes considered closely related to Z. chloris and Z. citrinella. Monotypic.
Taxonomic source(s)
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International. 2023. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 8. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v8_Dec23.zip.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2024 | Near Threatened | B1b(iii)+2b(iii) |
2016 | Near Threatened | B1ab(iii) |
2013 | Near Threatened | B1ab(iii) |
2012 | Near Threatened | B1ab(iii) |
2008 | Near Threatened | B1a+b(iii) |
2004 | Near Threatened | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Near Threatened | |
1988 | Threatened |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 856 km2 | medium |
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) | 776 km2 | |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | unknown | - | - | - |
Population trend | decreasing | - | suspected | 2016-2026 |
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-9% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-9% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-9% | - | - | - |
Generation length | 2.77 years | - | - | - |
Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 100% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The population size of this species has not been quantified, but it is described as uncommon in all wooded habitats, including cleared land with scattered trees (Eaton et al. 2021), and appears to be among the most commonly observed species on Kai Besar (eBird 2022). Nonetheless, given the area it occupies is just c.400 km2 in size (and much of this has now been cleared of suitable habitat), its population size may be moderately small.
Trend justification: In the ten years to 2022, forest loss on Kai Kecil was 4-5% (Global Forest Watch 2022, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein). Although this species is somewhat tolerant of open woodland (Eaton et al. 2021), much of the habitat loss of Kai Kecil has amounted to total destruction (Google Earth 2022) and this is thought to have caused loss of feeding and breeding habitat that may be having broadly equivalent (set here in the band 1-9%) impacts on population size.
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indonesia | extant | native | yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Indonesia | Pegunungan Daab - Boo |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
Altitude | 0 - 90 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Kai Kecil White-eye Zosterops uropygialis. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/kai-kecil-white-eye-zosterops-uropygialis on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.