• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	B1ab(i,ii,iii)+2ab(i,ii,iii); D	B1ab(i,ii,iii)+2ab(i,ii,iii); D1+2

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii)+2ab(i,ii,iii); D
2019	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2016	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2015	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2013	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2012	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2010	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2009	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2008	Critically Endangered
2006	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Critically Endangered
1994	Critically Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	140 km2	medium
Number of locations	2-5	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	140-320 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2016
Population trend	decreasing	good	suspected	2000-2010
Generation length	4.9 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: Different survey methods and identification challenges (such as similarities between Junin and Silvery Grebes; G. Engblom in litt. 2020) have made population estimates difficult. However, surveys between 2007 and 2016 indicate a population of between 217 and 468 individuals (ECOAN 2009, Engblom 2016a, b, Chamorro and Aucca 2017, Chamorro and Aucca 2018, Chamorro et al. 2018, Dinesen et al. 2019).  The latest censuses estimates the population at 373 individuals (Chamorro et al. 2018), with 294 and 359 individuals in 2018 and 2019 respectively (A. Chamorro in litt. 2019). Combined censuses from 2010 to 2018 indicated that the population thus generally fluctuated between 300-400 individuals (Chamorro and Aucca 2019). However, due to high levels of uncertainty, assuming that the population may well go below 300 individuals in certain years, tentatively using a population size of 217-468 individuals, the population is thought to number 145-312 mature individuals, placed in the band of 140-320 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population had undergone rapid declines of c. 80% in the past, leaving around 50 birds by 1993 (Chamorro and Aucca 2019). Trends for this species are unclear due to difficulties in carrying out reliable surveys. It is however now considered that the population had remained stable from the 1970's, through to the 1990's at c. 250-300 individuals (Chamorro and Aucca 2019). It is therefore likely that the species recovered in the early 2000's, and whilst the population has seen subsequent fluctuations (at c. 300-400 individuals between 2010 and 2018; Chamorro and Aucca 2019) and remained small, overall it is likely to have remained stable. However, due to high levels of uncertainty and natural variability of the species (C. A. Chutas in litt. 2020), it is suspected to be undergoing a slow decline over a three generation period (14.7 years; Bird et al. 2020) due to ongoing and potential future threats. 

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Peru	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Peru	Lago de Junín

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)	major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	major	resident
Altitude	4088 - 40890 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Industrial aquaculture	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species disturbance, Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Whole (>90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality
Climate change & severe weather	Other impacts	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Oncorhynchus mykiss	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species disturbance, Species mortality
Natural system modifications	Dams & water management/use - Dams (size unknown)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Rapid Declines		High Impact: 8
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Reduced reproductive success
Natural system modifications	Other ecosystem modifications	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation
Pollution	Domestic & urban waste water - Sewage	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Pollution	Industrial & military effluents - Seepage from mining	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Rapid Declines		High Impact: 8
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Junin Grebe Podiceps taczanowskii. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/junin-grebe-podiceps-taczanowskii on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.