• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Acridotheres grandis and A. javanicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. grandis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	A2d+3d+4d

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Vulnerable	A2d+3d+4d
2016	Vulnerable	A2d+3d+4d
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	188,000 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2016
Population trend	decreasing	-	inferred	2014-2024
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Generation length	2.9 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size is preliminarily estimated to fall in the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals based on recent records for wild populations within Java and Bali. Introduced populations are considerably larger. In Singapore, although there have been fluctuations, the population was estimated as 168,000 individuals in 2000 (Yap 2003) and in Taiwan an estimate of over 20,000 was made in 1999 (Lin Rueyshing 2001). Furthermore, during the ‘Big Month’ citizen science event in January 2020 (comprising 22,054 checklists) across Java and Bali, the species was recorded in 121 (1.5%) of the 7,935 tetrads (2×2 km squares) visited (T. Squires and S. Marsden in litt. 2020).

Trend justification: Within the native wild range of the species the population has declined rapidly within the recent past to the point where this formerly abundant bird is very infrequently seen, and many recent records appear to derive from escaped captive birds (Eaton et al. 2015). Very large numbers have previously been trapped within the native range to supply the cage bird trade (Chng et al. 2015). The emergence of bird-farms to supply the market within the last few years, which are now the source of many traded individuals (Burung Indonesia in litt. 2016), appears to be a response to supply problems and coincided with the sudden difficulty of observing the species in the wild on Java. Supply from wild-caught birds is continuing as evidenced by the recent seizures of illegally traded birds coming into Java from Kalimantan and Sumatra (S. Chng in litt. 2016), which are considered to come from the large introduced populations of the species outside of the native range. Thus, the species is inferred to be undergoing a rapid decline of 30-49% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes
Japan	possibly extant	introduced	yes
Malaysia	extant	introduced	yes
Puerto Rico (to USA)	extant	introduced	yes
Singapore	extant	introduced	yes
Thailand	extant	introduced	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	major	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands	suitable	resident
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Rapid Declines		High Impact: 8
		Stresses Species disturbance, Hybridisation, Species mortality
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	national, international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Javan Myna Acridotheres javanicus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/javan-myna-acridotheres-javanicus on 27/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 27/12/2024.