• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Chrysocolaptes lucidus, C. guttacristatus, C. stricklandi, C. strictus, C. haematribon, C. erythrocephalus and C. xanthocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lucidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2024	Near Threatened	C2a(i)
2016	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2014	Vulnerable	C2a(i)
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	142 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	188,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	5000-20000 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2023
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	-
Generation length	4.86 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	10-50	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size of this species has not been formerly estimated, but it is evidently localised and scarce (Eaton et al. 2021, eBird 2023). On Java, there are recent records from several lowland protected areas, mostly in the east (e.g. Baluran and Alas Purwo National Parks) although in large part this reflects survey effort. In hill and montane forests it appears scarcer, with intensive effort on West Java mountains finding it on just three of the 12 mountain regions surveyed (Marsden et al. 2023). On Bali, the situation appears similar, with recent records from both lowland forests (e.g. Bali Barat National Park) and lower montane forests (e.g. Bali Botanical Garden) (eBird 2023). While abundance at these sites seems low, survey effort is minimal when compared to the large area of suitable habitat, and Java and Bali probably host a population size in the thousands. On Kangean (and Paliat), endemic subspecies kangeanensis has been (erroneously) postulated to be extinct (e.g. del Hoyo et al. 2020) but while Berryman et al. (2024) conclude that this taxon is highly threatened and at risk of extirpation in the near-term, it is still extant and probably for now numbers in the low hundreds.

A broad analysis of suitable habitat within this species' range, combined with the plausible density values used in Berryman et al. (2024) for Kangean's population (which themselves are those calculated for congenerics by Yorke 1984, Sivakumar et al. 2006, Wijesundaral and Wijesundaral 2014) suggests that the global population size of C. strictus lies between 5,000-20,000 mature individuals, depending on the tolerance of the species in response to habitat degradation and fragmentation (which remain improperly known). Forest cover on Java is now so fragmented that no subpopulation may number more than 1,000 mature individuals, but this remains unconfirmed.

Trend justification: Probably declining, although perhaps in only parts of its distribution. On Java, forest cover extent has remained relatively stable over the past 20 years (Global Forest Watch 2023, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein) such that any recent declines must be due to fragmentation/extinction debt processes, and/or habitat degradation imperceptible to the rather insensitive remote sensing analysis used here. However, given the species is often found in open forests (especially in eastern Java and Bali, where typically uses savanna forests) that are in most instances quite degraded, forest modification is unlikely to be causing only (very) slow declines. On Kangean, probably declining in response to the widespread removal of almost any tree with a diameter large enough to host a breeding hollow (Berryman et al. 2024).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 1500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 2475 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Javan Flameback Chrysocolaptes strictus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/javan-flameback-chrysocolaptes-strictus on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.