• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Alcedo euryzona and A. peninsulae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. euryzona following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
C2a(i)	C2a(i); D	C2a(i); D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2024	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2016	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2015	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2014	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Number of locations	11-50	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	50-249 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2024
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	-
Generation length	3.66 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	4-10	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: Difficult to estimate, but population size thought to be very small. After a long period without records (Hume 2017), the species has since been found at several localities. There are a handful of records from Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park (Chan and Setiawan 2019) and, in 2000-2001, five birds were mist-netted here at Cikaniki Research Station (Noske et al. 2011) and the species was observed on several occasions 2017-2023 (eBird 2024). The species was rediscovered at Petungkriyono forest in Central Java in 2018 (Chan and Setiawan 2019) and has been observed on several occasions since (Rachmawati et al. 2022, eBird 2024). There have also been isolated photographed records from Puncak Simpe in November 2020 and Gunung Liman/Mt Wilis in September 2022 and November 2023 (eBird 2024). A broader survey of the Sengkarang watershed (which Petungkriyono forest is part of) covering 34.2 km of transects across the five main rivers found just c. 3 pairs (per Yayasan SwaraOwa unpublished data).
While this pattern of records suggests that the species is widespread (and is certainly more widespread than the paucity of records in the early 2000s suggested), the species is evidently very rare, patchily distributed, and occurs at low density due to its linear ranges. At each of the listed sites above, there is <20 km of suitable habitat, with none likely to support more than 10 pairs (except Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, which could conceivably support 2-3x this number). Accordingly, the minimum population size is set at 50 mature individuals. The maximum figure, 250, represents a somewhat arbitrary upper bound, accepting that while numerous sites probably remain undiscovered given the search of sightings in recent years, there remains so little habitat on Java that it is unlikely to exceed this.

Trend justification: Trend poorly known due to the species' contemporary distribution only recently being understood. However, it is evidently highly sensitive to forest loss and disturbance, with all sightings made in good habitat along undisturbed rivers, and absences from degraded habitat that at one time would have been suitable and almost certainly hosted the species. While overall forest cover loss on Java has been minimal for c. 20 years (Global Forest Watch 2024), areas along rivers continue to be cleared and degraded (Hansen et al. 2013, Grantham et al. 2020, Global Forest Watch 2024). Accordingly, A. euryzona is precautionarily inferred to be declining, although monitoring data are urgently needed to confirm whether this is the case.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 1000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 1500 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Residential & commercial development	Commercial & industrial areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Javan Blue-banded Kingfisher Alcedo euryzona. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/javan-blue-banded-kingfisher-alcedo-euryzona on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.