• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
D	D	D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Critically Endangered	D
2016	Critically Endangered	C2a(i,ii); D
2015	Critically Endangered	C2a(i,ii);D
2013	Critically Endangered	C2a(i,ii);D
2012	Critically Endangered	C2a(i,ii);D
2010	Critically Endangered	D1
2009	Critically Endangered	D1
2008	Critically Endangered
2005	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Extinct
1994	Extinct
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	1-49 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2005
Population trend	unknown	-	-	-
Generation length	6.35 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2	-	-	-

Population justification: Given the lack of confirmed sightings since 1944 any remaining population within the USA is likely to be tiny. A tiny population may also remain in Cuba, despite lack of recent sightings. Its total population, if extant, is likely to number fewer than 50 individuals and mature individuals.

Trend justification: It is not possible to determine trends within any remaining population of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker should it remain extant, and as such, the direction of current trends remain unknown. Despite historical declines, this species's habitat throughout the southeastern U.S.A. is currently recovering as previously cut forests mature (Collins et al. 2019, G. Hill in litt. 2020), however habitat loss and potential hunting in Cuba may pose a threat to any remaining individuals within the Cuban subpopulation.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Cuba	possibly extant	native	yes
USA	possibly extinct	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Cuba	Alejandro de Humboldt

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Swamp	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 900 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Unknown		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Unknown		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/ivory-billed-woodpecker-campephilus-principalis on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.