EN
Indigo-winged Parrot Hapalopsittaca fuertesi



Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- B1ab(iii); D B1ab(iii); D1+2

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2021 Endangered B1ab(iii); D
2018 Critically Endangered C2a(ii)
2016 Critically Endangered C2a(ii)
2015 Critically Endangered C2a(ii)
2013 Critically Endangered C2a(ii)
2012 Critically Endangered C2a(ii)
2010 Critically Endangered B1a+b(v); C2a(ii)
2009 Critically Endangered B1a+b(v); C2a(ii)
2008 Critically Endangered
2004 Critically Endangered
2000 Critically Endangered
1996 Critically Endangered
1994 Critically Endangered
1988 Not Recognised
Species attributes

Migratory status altitudinal migrant Forest dependency high
Land-mass type continent
Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 3,800 km2 medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) 2,180 km2
Number of locations 2-5 -
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 230-300 mature individuals good estimated 2021
Population trend increasing poor observed -
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 10-25% - - -
Generation length 3.1 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 1 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 100% - - -

Population justification: In 2019, the National Parrot Census counted 180-200 individuals at five sites across the Cordillera Central: 30 individuals in Murrillo (Tolima), 90-100 individuals in the Giles-Fuertes Nature Reserve in Cajamarca (Tolima), 10-20 individuals in the Loro Coroniazul Bird Reserve and El Mirador Municipality Reserve in Génova (Quindío), 20 individuals in Chaparral (Tolima) and 30 individuals at the Finca Cortaderal (Risaralda) (Fundación ProAves per P. Salaman in litt. 2019). The total population is currently estimated at 350-450 individuals (Fundación ProAves per A. Cortes in litt. 2021). This equates roughly to 230-300 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The species evidently declined in the past, but owing to coordinated conservation efforts at the species's stronghold the decline is historical and the species has been increasing since at least 2004 (Renjifo et al. 2014; P. Salaman in litt. 2019). It is assumed that habitat protection and the provision of artificial nestboxes quickly halted and reversed the decline, however the population increases only slowly and may be locally stable (P. Salaman in litt. 2019; E. Soler in litt. 2021).
At the time of the rediscovery in 2002, around 60 individuals were estimated (Rainforest Trust 2010). In 2010, the known population consisted of 164 individuals at two sites, and in 2019 the total population was estimated at 180-200 individuals (Fundación ProAves per P. Salaman in litt. 2019; A. Cortes in litt. 2021). Over the past ten years, the population thus increased by 10-25%.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Colombia extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Colombia Alto Quindío
Colombia Páramos y Bosques Altoandinos de Génova
Colombia Reserva Natural Ibanasca
Colombia Reserva Natural Semillas de Agua
Colombia Reservas Comunitarias de Roncesvalles

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest marginal resident
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane major resident
Altitude 2900 - 3150 m Occasional altitudinal limits 2600 - 3800 m

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Past, Unlikely to Return Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Past Impact
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Past, Unlikely to Return Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Past Impact
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Past, Unlikely to Return Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Past Impact
Stresses
Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Biological resource use Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining Mining & quarrying Timing Scope Severity Impact
Past, Unlikely to Return Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Declines Past Impact
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Indigo-winged Parrot Hapalopsittaca fuertesi. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/indigo-winged-parrot-hapalopsittaca-fuertesi on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.