• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	B1ab(iii); D	B1ab(iii); D1+2

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Endangered	B1ab(iii); D
2018	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2016	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2015	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2013	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2012	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2010	Critically Endangered	B1a+b(v); C2a(ii)
2009	Critically Endangered	B1a+b(v); C2a(ii)
2008	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Critically Endangered
1994	Critically Endangered
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	altitudinal migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	3,800 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	2,180 km2
Number of locations	2-5	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	230-300 mature individuals	good	estimated	2021
Population trend	increasing	poor	observed	-
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-25%	-	-	-
Generation length	3.1 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: In 2019, the National Parrot Census counted 180-200 individuals at five sites across the Cordillera Central: 30 individuals in Murrillo (Tolima), 90-100 individuals in the Giles-Fuertes Nature Reserve in Cajamarca (Tolima), 10-20 individuals in the Loro Coroniazul Bird Reserve and El Mirador Municipality Reserve in Génova (Quindío), 20 individuals in Chaparral (Tolima) and 30 individuals at the Finca Cortaderal (Risaralda) (Fundación ProAves per P. Salaman in litt. 2019). The total population is currently estimated at 350-450 individuals (Fundación ProAves per A. Cortes in litt. 2021). This equates roughly to 230-300 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The species evidently declined in the past, but owing to coordinated conservation efforts at the species's stronghold the decline is historical and the species has been increasing since at least 2004 (Renjifo et al. 2014; P. Salaman in litt. 2019). It is assumed that habitat protection and the provision of artificial nestboxes quickly halted and reversed the decline, however the population increases only slowly and may be locally stable (P. Salaman in litt. 2019; E. Soler in litt. 2021).
At the time of the rediscovery in 2002, around 60 individuals were estimated (Rainforest Trust 2010). In 2010, the known population consisted of 164 individuals at two sites, and in 2019 the total population was estimated at 180-200 individuals (Fundación ProAves per P. Salaman in litt. 2019; A. Cortes in litt. 2021). Over the past ten years, the population thus increased by 10-25%.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Colombia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Alto Quindío
Colombia	Páramos y Bosques Altoandinos de Génova
Colombia	Reserva Natural Ibanasca
Colombia	Reserva Natural Semillas de Agua
Colombia	Reservas Comunitarias de Roncesvalles

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	2900 - 3150 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	2600 - 3800 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Indigo-winged Parrot Hapalopsittaca fuertesi. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/indigo-winged-parrot-hapalopsittaca-fuertesi on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.