Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2018 | Near Threatened | A2cde+3cde+4cde |
2016 | Near Threatened | A2cde+3cde+4cde |
2012 | Near Threatened | A2cde+3cde+4cde |
2010 | Near Threatened | A2c,d,e; A3c,d,e; A4c,d,e |
2008 | Near Threatened | A2c,d,e; A3c,d,e; A4c,d,e |
2006 | Near Threatened | |
2004 | Near Threatened | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
Land-mass type |
shelf island continent |
Average mass | 219 g |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 1,650,000 km2 | medium |
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 2,240,000 km2 | medium |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | unknown | unknown | unknown | 2003 |
Population trend | decreasing | poor | suspected | 2001-2034 |
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 20-29% | - | - | - |
Generation length | 11 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The total population has been estimated more than 150,000 individuals (Zavaga et al. unpublished data).
Trend justification: Survey data suggest that moderately rapid declines have occurred.
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chile | extant | native | ||||
Colombia | extant | native | ||||
Ecuador | extant | native | ||||
Panama | extant | vagrant | ||||
Peru | extant | native |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Chile | Costa sur de Arica |
Chile | Desembocadura del Río Bío-Bío |
Chile | Estero Mantagua y Desembocadura del Río Aconcagua |
Chile | Humedal de Arauco |
Chile | Islote Pupuya |
Chile | Islotes Pajaros |
Chile | Paradero de aves Roquerios de Laucho y Lisera |
Chile | Parque Nacional Pan de Azúcar |
Chile | Puerto de Arica |
Chile | Reserva Nacional Pingüino de Humboldt - Isla Choros, Damas y Punta de Choros |
Chile | Santuario de la Naturaleza Rocas de Constitución |
Peru | Laguna de Ite |
Peru | Reserva Nacional de Paracas |
Peru | Río Tambo y Lagunas de Mejía |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | major | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | non-breeding |
Marine Intertidal | Tidepools | suitable | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | non-breeding |
Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | breeding |
Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Climate change & severe weather | Temperature extremes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Energy production & mining | Mining & quarrying | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
Purpose | Scale |
---|---|
Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Inca Tern Larosterna inca. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/inca-tern-larosterna-inca on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.