• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	C2a(i)	B2ab(i,ii,iii,v); C2a(i)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Endangered	C2a(i)
2018	Endangered	C2a(i)
2016	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii)
2012	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii)
2008	Endangered	B1a+b(i,ii,iii)
2004	Endangered
2000	Endangered
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	29 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	31,800 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	1,530 km2
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely fragmented?	yes	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	1000-2300 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2020
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2014-2024
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Generation length	2.5 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-100	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population is estimated to number 1,000-3,375 individuals following surveys in the Sierra de Baoruco between 1996-1999 (Latta et al. 2000, Hart 2020). This roughly equates to 750-2,300 mature individuals. Individual subpopulation sizes are unknown. It is tentatively assessed here that no subpopulation contains >250 mature individuals, but this may be an underestimate (see Hart 2020).

Trend justification: Numbers presumably declined between the mid-1920s and mid-1960s in response to habitat loss, but by 1978 the species was thought to be recovering (Woods and Ottenwalder 1986). Owing to agricultural encroachment into its habitat, the species is currently considered to be declining at a slow rate. Within the range, tree cover has been lost at a rate of 5% over the past ten years (Global Forest Watch 2020). Considering that the species is exclusively restricted to pine forest, population declines may be larger than the rate of tree cover loss, amounting to <10% over ten years. The population may additionally be fluctuating depending on food availability (Benkman 1994, Latta et al. 2000)

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Dominican Republic	extant	native	yes
Haiti	extant	native	yes
Jamaica	extant	vagrant

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Dominican Republic	Armando Bermudez National Park
Dominican Republic	Parque Nacional Dr Juan Bautista Pérez Rancier (Valle Nuevo)
Dominican Republic	Sierra de Bahoruco National Park
Haiti	Aux Becs-Croisés
Haiti	Aux Diablotins

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	540 - 2600 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Molothrus bonariensis	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Trend Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Hispaniolan Crossbill Loxia megaplaga. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/hispaniolan-crossbill-loxia-megaplaga on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.