• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2024	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	17,800,000 km2
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	11,900,000 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	-
Generation length	2.95 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as often quite common locally (Gibbs et al. 2001). National population estimates include: c.100-10,000 breeding pairs in China; < c.10,000 breeding pairs in Korea and < c.10,000 breeding pairs in Russia (Brazil 2009). The population size is suspected to be decreasing owing to competition with Columba livia; declines have been recorded in Mongolia (del Hoyo et al. 1997).

Trend justification: The population size is suspected to be decreasing owing to competition with Columba livia; declines have been recorded in Mongolia (del Hoyo et al. 1997).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	native	yes
Bhutan	extant	native			yes
China (mainland)	extant	native		yes
India	extant	native		yes
Kazakhstan	extant	native		yes
Kyrgyzstan	extant	native	yes
Mongolia	extant	native		yes
Nepal	extant	native		yes
North Korea	extant	native		yes
Pakistan	extant	native		yes
Russia	extant	native	yes	yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	native	yes
South Korea	extant	native		yes
Tajikistan	extant	native		yes
Turkmenistan	extant	native		yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Urban Areas	suitable	resident
Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)	Caves	suitable	resident
Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)		suitable	resident
Shrubland	Temperate	suitable	resident
Altitude	2000 - 5500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	1500 - 6100 m

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Hill Pigeon Columba rupestris. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/hill-pigeon-columba-rupestris on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.