VU
Henderson Island Crake Zapornia atra



Taxonomy

Taxonomic note
Zapornia atra (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - D2

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2022 Vulnerable D2
2016 Vulnerable D2
2012 Vulnerable D2
2008 Vulnerable D2
2004 Vulnerable
2000 Vulnerable
1996 Vulnerable
1994 Vulnerable
1988 Threatened
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency high
Land-mass type Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 80 km2 medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) 80 km2
Number of locations 1 -
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 3800-8400, 5600 mature individuals good estimated 2015
Population trend stable medium estimated -
Generation length 3.29 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 1 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 100% - - -

Population justification: A rat eradication attempt in 2011 reduced the population to probably <500 individuals, but because sufficient individuals were maintained in captivity during the eradication attempt, counts in 2013 and 2015 suggest that the population has largely recovered (S. Oppel and A. Bond in litt. 2016). In 2015, the total estimated abundance of Henderson Crakes (based on extrapolations from 25 point count stations and an assumed radius of origin of 100 m) was 8,513 birds (95% CI 5,755-12,749), equivalent to c.5,600 (3,800-8,400) mature individuals. These values are similar to estimations made (by different methods) of c.3,240 in 1987 and c.6,200 in 1992 (Graves 1992, Jones et al. 1995) indicating a fairly constant population over time.

Trend justification: Studies indicate that predation rates are low and reproduction rates are sufficient to replace birds lost. Estimated population sizes from 2015 (c.5,600 mature individuals) are similar to estimates made (by different methods) in 1987 (c.3240) and 1992 ([c.6,200] Graves 1992, Jones et al. 1995) indicating a fairly constant population over time.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Pitcairn Islands (to UK) extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Pitcairn Islands (to UK) Henderson Island

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland major resident
Altitude 0 - 40 m Occasional altitudinal limits  

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Climate change & severe weather Habitat shifting & alteration Timing Scope Severity Impact
Future Whole (>90%) Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus exulans Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Whole (>90%) No decline Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus norvegicus Timing Scope Severity Impact
Future Whole (>90%) Rapid Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus rattus Timing Scope Severity Impact
Future Whole (>90%) Rapid Declines Medium Impact: 6
Stresses
Reduced reproductive success
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species Timing Scope Severity Impact
Future Whole (>90%) Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species Timing Scope Severity Impact
Future Whole (>90%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Henderson Island Crake Zapornia atra. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/henderson-island-crake-zapornia-atra on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.