• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	36,200,000 km2	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	47,500,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	poor	estimated	2012
Population trend	increasing	-	suspected	-
Generation length	7.9 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.190,000-380,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015), the population in Russia is estimated at c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and c.1,000-10,000 wintering individuals (Brazil 2009). The European population is estimated at 4,000-7,000 pairs, which equates to 8,000-14,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).

Trend justification: The overall population trend is increasing, although some populations may be stable and others have unknown trends (Delany and Scott 2006). This species has undergone a small or statistically insignificant increase over the last 40 years in North America (data from Breeding Bird Survey and/or Christmas Bird Count: Butcher and Niven 2007). The population trend in Europe is unknown (BirdLife International 2015).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Austria	extant	vagrant
Belgium	extant	vagrant
Canada	extant	native	yes			yes
China (mainland)	extant	native
Croatia	extant	vagrant
Denmark	extant	vagrant
France	extant	vagrant
Germany	extant	vagrant
Greenland (to Denmark)	extant	native	yes
Iceland	extant	native	yes
Italy	extant	vagrant
Japan	extant	native
Kazakhstan	extant	vagrant
Mexico	extant	native
Mongolia	extant	vagrant
Montenegro	extant	vagrant
Netherlands	extant	vagrant
North Korea	extant	native
Norway	extant	vagrant
Poland	extant	vagrant
Russia	extant	native
Russia (Asian)	extant	native
Serbia	extant	vagrant
Slovakia	extant	vagrant			yes
South Korea	extant	native
St Pierre and Miquelon (to France)	extant	native			yes	yes
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway)	extant	vagrant
Sweden	extant	vagrant
Switzerland	extant	vagrant
Ukraine	extant	vagrant
United Kingdom	extant	vagrant
USA	extant	native		yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Canada	Lambert Channel/Hornby Island Waters
China (mainland)	Longfeng Wetland Nature Reserve
Greenland (to Denmark)	Qilangaarsuit and adjacent islands
Iceland	Myvatn - Laxa
Iceland	Osar
Russia (Asian)	Aniva bay
Russia (Asian)	Babushkina and Kekurnyy Gulfs
Russia (Asian)	Commander Islands
Russia (Asian)	Karaginskiy Island
Russia (Asian)	Lesser Kuril Ridge and Kunashir Island
Russia (Asian)	Lower Tumen river
Russia (Asian)	Nevskoye Lake
Russia (Asian)	North-east Sakhalin lagoons
Russia (Asian)	Shantarskiye Islands
Russia (Asian)	Tyk and Viakhtu bays
USA	Prince William Sound

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Marine Intertidal	Rocky Shoreline	major	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Tidepools	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Macroalgal/Kelp	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Seagrass (Submerged)	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Subtidal Sandy-Mud	major	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)	major	breeding
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Natural system modifications	Dams & water management/use - Large dams	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Pollution	Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Likely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Past Impact
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/harlequin-duck-histrionicus-histrionicus on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.