Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Least Concern | |
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 51,200,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 54,800,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | unknown | poor | estimated | 2012 |
| Population trend | unknown | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 12.5 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated at 265,000-295,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated at 4,900-5,600 pairs, which equates to 9,700-11,100 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015). The population is therefore placed in the band 260,000-300,000 individuals.
Trend justification: The overall population trend is uncertain, as some populations are decreasing, while others are increasing, stable, or have unknown trends (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated to be increasing (BirdLife International 2015).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Albania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Algeria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Angola | extant | native | yes | |||
| Armenia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Austria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Azerbaijan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Bahrain | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Bangladesh | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belarus | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Benin | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | extant | native | yes | |||
| Botswana | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bulgaria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Burkina Faso | extant | native | yes | |||
| Burundi | extant | native | yes | |||
| Cameroon | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Central African Republic | extant | native | yes | |||
| Chad | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Congo | extant | native | yes | |||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | extant | native | yes | |||
| Côte d'Ivoire | extant | native | yes | |||
| Croatia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Cyprus | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Czechia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Denmark | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Djibouti | extant | native | yes | |||
| Egypt | extant | native | yes | |||
| Eritrea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Eswatini | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ethiopia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Finland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| France | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Gabon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Gambia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Georgia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ghana | extant | native | yes | |||
| Greece | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Guinea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guinea-Bissau | extant | native | yes | |||
| Hungary | extinct | native | yes | |||
| India | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | |||
| Israel | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Jordan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kenya | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kuwait | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Kyrgyzstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Latvia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Lebanon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Libya | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Malawi | extant | native | yes | |||
| Maldives | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mali | extant | native | yes | |||
| Malta | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mauritania | extant | native | yes | |||
| Montenegro | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Morocco | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mozambique | extant | native | yes | |||
| Myanmar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Namibia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Netherlands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Niger | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nigeria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| North Macedonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norway | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Oman | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Pakistan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Palestine | extant | native | yes | |||
| Poland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Portugal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Romania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Rwanda | extant | native | yes | |||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Senegal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Serbia | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| Sierra Leone | extant | native | yes | |||
| Slovenia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Somalia | extant | native | yes | |||
| South Africa | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| South Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sri Lanka | extant | uncertain | ||||
| Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Switzerland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Syria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tanzania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Togo | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tunisia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Türkiye | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Turkmenistan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Uganda | extant | native | yes | |||
| Ukraine | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Uzbekistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Western Sahara | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Yemen | extant | native | yes | |||
| Zambia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Zimbabwe | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools | major | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Marshes/Pools | major | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 1372 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Human intrusions & disturbance | Recreational activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
| Sport hunting/specimen collecting | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/great-white-pelican-pelecanus-onocrotalus on 25/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 25/11/2024.