• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Least Concern
2016	Near Threatened	A3c
2012	Near Threatened	A3c
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	11,900,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	5000000-49999999 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2016
Population trend	decreasing	-	inferred	2016-2037
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	8-13%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	12-17%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	12-17%	-	-	-
Generation length	6.98 years	-	-	-

Population justification: Partners in Flight suspect the total population to number 5,000,000-49,999,999 mature individuals, based on information from 2016 (Partners in Flight 2020). The nominate subspecies major is abundant where forest is intact (Restall et al. 2006). In Suriname, it is described as common throughout the inland primary forests (O. Ottema in litt. 2020).

Trend justification: Partners in flight suspect that the population size is moderately declining (Partners in Flight 2020). The species is inferred to have a continuing decline in population size, based on remote-sensed data on tree cover from 2000 onwards that indicates ongoing tree cover loss within the species's range (Tracewski et al. 2016, Global Forest Watch 2020).

An analysis of remote sensing data on tree cover loss from 2000-2012 estimated that tree cover was lost at a rate equivalent to 5% over three generations (20.94 years; Tracewski et al. 2016). Based on tree cover loss data from 2001-2019 from Global Forest Watch, an estimated 8% of tree cover with at least 30% canopy cover was lost within the species's range over the past three generations (20.94 years; Global Forest Watch 2020). Based on tree cover loss data from 2016-2019, during which c.2% of tree cover within the species's range was lost (Global Forest Watch 2020), c.12% of tree cover is projected to be lost within the species's range over the next three generations. The species is highly forest-dependent, so its population size is suspected to be declining in line with tree cover loss. It is also susceptible to hunting, which is assumed to contribute an additional population decline of up to 5% over three generations. Therefore, the species is suspected to have undergone a population reduction of 8-13% over the past three generations, and to undergo a population reduction of 12-17% over the next three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Belize	extant	native	yes
Bolivia	extant	native	yes
Brazil	extant	native	yes
Colombia	extant	native	yes
Costa Rica	extant	native	yes
Ecuador	extant	native	yes
French Guiana	extant	native	yes
Guatemala	extant	native	yes
Guyana	extant	native	yes
Honduras	extant	native	yes
Mexico	extant	native	yes
Nicaragua	extant	native	yes
Panama	extant	native	yes
Peru	extant	native	yes
Suriname	extant	native	yes
Venezuela	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Estrella Fluvial Inírida
Mexico	Montes Azules

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Swamp	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 1500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Great Tinamou Tinamus major. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/great-tinamou-tinamus-major on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.