Data Zone
Taxonomic note
Exhibits high levels of genetic variability, but without constant geographical patterns (McLennan and McCann 2002); also shows a degree of morphological variability along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients; further study required. Senior synonym A. maxima apparently unused for more than a century, now recommended for formal suppression (Palma et al. 2003). Monotypic.
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | A2be+3be+4be |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Vulnerable | A2be+3be+4be |
| 2016 | Vulnerable | A2e |
| 2012 | Vulnerable | A2e+3e+4e |
| 2008 | Vulnerable | A2e; A3e; A4e |
| 2004 | Vulnerable | |
| 2000 | Vulnerable | |
| 1996 | Vulnerable | |
| 1994 | Vulnerable | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | low |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 21,900 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 9300 mature individuals | good | estimated | 2018 |
| Population trend | decreasing | good | inferred | 1995-2030 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 30-49% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 30-49% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 30-49% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 11.5 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 2 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 1-89% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The population was estimated to number 14,000 individuals in total in 2018 (Germano et al. 2018), roughly equivalent to 9,300 mature individuals.
Trend justification: This species is inferred to be declining as a result of introduced predators, likely exceeding 30% within three generations and this trend is predicted to continue (Robertson et al. 2021). The majority of the species is not currently receiving active conservation management and these unmanaged populations are declining by 2% per year (Germano et al. 2018). The total number of individuals is thought to have decreased from 16,000 in 2008 to 14,000 in 2018 based on estimates in Innes et al. (2015) projected to 2018, and is suspected to decrease further to 11,600 by 2030 with existing levels of management (Germano et al. 2018) which is equivalent to a c. 37% decline within three generations.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Zealand | extant | native | yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Pastureland | marginal | resident |
| Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | resident |
| Forest | Temperate | major | resident |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Shrubland | Temperate | suitable | resident |
| Altitude | 0 - 1600 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Canis familiaris | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Mustela erminea | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Mustela furo | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Mustela nivalis | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Sus domesticus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Trichosurus vulpecula | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 7 | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Great Spotted Kiwi Apteryx haastii. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/great-spotted-kiwi-apteryx-haastii on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.