Data Zone
Anderson, O.R.J., Small, C.J., Croxall, J.P., Dunn, E.K., Sullivan, B.J., Yates, O. and Black, A. 2011. Global seabird bycatch in longline fisheries. Endangered Species Research 14: 91-106.
BirdLife International. 2015. European Red List of Birds. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
Bradbury, G.; Trinder, M.; Furness, B.; Banks, A.N.; Caldow, R.W.G.; Hume, D. 2014. Mapping seabird sensitivity to offshore wind farms. PLoS ONE 9(9): e106366.
Bregnballe, T.; Noer, H.; Christensen, T.K.; Clausen, P.; Asferg, T.; Fox, A.D.; Delany, S. 2006. Sustainable hunting of migratory waterbirds: the Danish approach. In: G. Boere, C. Galbraith and D. Stroud (eds), Waterbirds around the world, pp. 854-860. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, U.K.
Burger, J.; Gochfeld, M.; Kirwan, G.M.; Christie, D.A.; Garcia, E.F.J. 2018. Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus). Barcelona Available at: http://www.hbw.com/node/53974. (Accessed: 01/06/2017).
del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
JNCC. 2018. Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus. Peterborough Available at: http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-2888. (Accessed: 24/07/2018).
Markones, N.; Guse, N.; Borkenhagen, K.; Schwemmer, H.; Garthe, S. 2015. Seevogel-Monitoring 2014 in der deutschen AWZ von Nord- und Ostsee. Bundesamt für Naturschutz.
Nordström, M.; Högmander, J.; Nummelin, J.; Laine, J.; Laanetu, N.; Korpimäki, E. 2003. Effects of feral mink removal on seabirds, waders and passerines on small islands in the Baltic Sea. Biological Conservation 109: 359-368.
Olsen, K. M.; Larsson, H. 2003. Gulls of Europe, Asia and North America. Christopher Helm, London.
Richards, A. 1990. Seabirds of the northern hemisphere. Dragon's World Ltd, Limpsfield, U.K.
Snow, D.W.; Perrins, C.M. 1998. The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Volume 1: Non-Passerines. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Wetlands International. 2015. Waterbird Population Estimates. Available at: https://wpe.wetlands.org. (Accessed: 17/09/2015).
Žydelis, R.; Small, C.; French, G. 2013. The incidental catch of seabirds in gillnet fisheries: A global review. Biological Conservation 162: 76-88.
Detailed species account from European Red List of Birds (BirdLife International 2015)
Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/great-black-backed-gull-larus-marinus on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.