• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Justification of Red List category
This species has a very large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km² or Area of Occupancy <2,000 km² combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). The population size may be moderately small to large, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.

Population justification
Based on the first-quartile and median population densities of closely-related species (3.15-11.2 individuals per km²) and the area of forest with 50% canopy cover within the species's mapped range in 2010 (c.73,000 km²; Global Forest Watch 2021), and assuming 10-25% of forest is occupied, the population size is tentatively suspected to fall within the range 23,000 - 205,000 individuals, which roughly equates to 15,000 - 137,000 mature individuals. Surveys are required to confirm the population size.

The subpopulation structure is not known, but the forest within the species's range remains mostly contiguous, so it is assumed that there may be a single subpopulation.

Trend justification
Over the past ten years to 2020, approximately 6% of tree cover with at least 50% canopy cover was lost from across the species's range (Global Forest Watch 2021). The rate of tree cover loss was higher during 2019-2020 (Global Forest Watch 2021). Projecting the 2019-2020 rate of tree cover loss forwards, 9% of tree cover may be lost from the species's range over the next ten years. This species is confined to forest, so its population size is inferred to be declining in line with forest loss. The population size may be declining at a faster rate than that of forest loss as a result of forest degradation and fragmentation, although it is known to tolerate some selective logging (Pacheco and Olmos 2005, A. Lees in litt. 2007, 2011). The population size is therefore suspected to be declining at a rate of less than 20% per decade.

Lepidothrix vilasboasi occurs in the Tapajós - Jamanxim interfluve, south-west Pará, Brazil. Until recently, it was known only from the type-locality at the headwaters of the rio Cururu-ri, a right-bank tributary of the rio Tapajós, in the Serra do Cachimbo, where five specimens were taken in 1957. In 2002, a male was observed and mist-netted on the west bank of the rio Jamanxim, near Novo Progresso, c.200 km north-east of the type-locality (Olmos and Pacheco 2003). In 2006, two exploded leks were found in selectively logged forest 20 km from the 2002 site, and it has now also been found at several more localities (GBIF.org 2021). The southern limit of its range is likely to lie along the north edge of the Serra do Cachimbo (Olmos and Pacheco 2003, Maximiano 2020).

The type-series was collected in primary terra firme forest. The first specimen was seen and collected 6 m up in a thin sapling at the edge of a stream in dense, tall forest. Stomach contents of the specimens contained fruit and insects. The male in 2002 was captured in terra firme forest adjoining a dirt road (Olmos and Pacheco 2003), and the lekking birds in 2006 were in forest which had been selectively logged around five years previously (Pacheco and Olmos 2005, A. Lees in litt. 2007). It may be able to survive in small fragments of habitat as the closely related L. nattereri occurs in well-preserved forest fragments as small as 50 ha.

The species is threatened by ongoing deforestation. The region is being developed for cattle-ranching (Ridgely and Tudor 1994) and soya bean plantations. Forest at the 2002 locality at Novo Progresso has already been destroyed (Olmos and Pacheco 2003). The BR 163 Cuiabá-Santarém road was paved in 2019, which may accelerate habitat destruction as it opens up soya markets in the Mato Grosso for rapid transfer to Santarém (Olmos and Pacheco 2003, A. Lees in litt. 2007). It may also lead to an increase in selective logging, which would pose a lesser threat given that the species is likely to be tolerant of moderate levels of habitat disturbance and degradation (A. Lees in litt. 2007).

Conservation Actions Underway
The species occurs in several large protected areas, including Rio Novo National Park, and Crepori, Jamanxim and Trairão National Forests. The type-locality is within an area of 400,000 ha at Serra do Cachimbo that belongs to the Brazilian air force, and is one of the best-conserved areas in southern Pará (Olmos and Pacheco 2003). It is considered Vulnerable at the national level in Brazil (MMA 2014). The species is included in the National Action Plan for the Conservation of the Birds of Amazonia, which aims to reduce the loss and degradation of habitat (ICMBio 2015).

Conservation Actions Proposed
Carry out surveys to establish the species's population size, trend and range limits. Study the species's response to forest degradation and fragmentation.

Improve the management of Jamanxim National Forest. Increase the extent of habitat protection. Enforce legislation against forest clearance.

8.5 cm. Small, green-and-yellow manakin. Male predominantly bright grass-green, with yellow belly and undertail-coverts, white rump and uppertail-coverts, whitish iris, and glittering golden crown and nape. Pale pinkish legs and pale bluish bill. Female similar but crown has slight bluish tinge and rump area is green. Similar spp. Male separable from similar Snow-capped Manakin P. nattereri by crown and nape colour but female is probably indistinguishable in field except on range. Voice Male call apparently similar to closely related species, a burry prreee sometimes given in series.

Text account compilers
Wheatley, H.

Contributors
Cohn-Haft, M., Lees, A., Olmos, F., Pople, R., Taylor, J., Pilgrim, J., Capper, D., Sharpe, C.J., Symes, A. & Benstead, P.

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Golden-crowned Manakin Lepidothrix vilasboasi. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/golden-crowned-manakin-lepidothrix-vilasboasi on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.